Bahirev). From a student of the school of FZU to the director and minister (Hero of Socialist Labor V.V.

In Kovrov, Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev can rightfully be considered as his employee in the collectives of several large enterprises. The structure of the Kovrov Mechanical Plant included in the early 1950s the Experimental Design Bureau No. 2 headed by him. The first memorial plaque in memory of it was opened on November 5, 1999 at the Design Bureau "Armature", which grew into an independent organization from OKB2. And, of course, he is his own for the staff of the V.A. Degtyareva, where after university he went from an engineer to a director, and before that he began working as a milling machine operator, and for I.V. vocational school No. 1 Pershutova, in which (then - the school of FZU) received the first working specialty before entering the factory.

With a kind word, V.V. Bakhireva and the Kovrov Instrument-Making Plant (KPZ), and the Vladimir Production Association Tochmash, and many other large enterprises in various fools and republics of the former USSR. Their development, and sometimes birth (as the Kovrov branch of Vladimir Tochmash) is associated with the activities of the Minister of Engineering of the USSR Bakhirev and the industry he leads.

Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev was born on September 17, 1916 in the village of Dudoro in the Kovrovsky district of Vladimir province (now Savinsky district of the Ivanovo region) and was, as they wrote in the questionnaires, “from the peasants”. His father, Vasily Nikolayevich Bakhirev, was born in 1884, his mother, Anastasia Vasilievna, was nine years younger. From the autobiography of V.V. Bahireva:

“My parents were peasants. Along with working in agriculture, my father and grandfather in the winter months went “to work”, having the profession of tailors. After a serious wound received at the front of the First World War in 1915, his father began to predominantly engage in tailor craft. The farm at that time was conducted by my mother, grandmother and grandfather, with whom we are living with the same family. The same farming order was maintained after the October Revolution ... Our economy was average. In 1930, my parents moved permanently to the city of Kovrov, and my grandfather and grandmother remained in the village ... In 1933, I worked at factory No. 2 (Degtyarev. V.N. factory) after graduating from high school FZU as a milling machine operator. Then he went to study ”(Archive of JSC“ VA Degtyarev Plant ”. Personal file of Bakhirev VV L.7).

Vasily Nikolayevich Bakhirev, according to the memoirs of his relatives, was a highly qualified tailor. There is a family legend that a fur coat in which F.I. Chaliapin in the famous portrait of B.M. Kustodiev, sewn precisely by Vasily Nikolaevich (legend - not because of any doubts about the authenticity, just as long as there were no other documentary evidence confirming this oral message). He was a very kind person, read a lot (despite a severe front-line wound) and wanted the children to study and receive a serious education.

And Vyacheslav Vasilievich in his childhood was by no means either an obedient child or a diligent student. Having received primary education in the village, he went to Kovrov to graduate from high school. First, the parents “rented a corner” for him in a house with distant relatives, and then they moved to the city themselves and bought house No. 196 on Chelyuskintsev Street — such was the Bakhirevs first carpet address before moving to the “director's mansion” in the 1950s.

Having worked at the Tool Plant No. 2 named after K.O. Kirkizha as a milling machine operator, Bakhirev decided to continue his studies, went to Moscow, entered the railway technical school. After returning to Kovrov after his first year on vacation, he found out that his peer friends were studying at the labor faculty and were preparing to enter the university. This is where a serious turning point occurred in his attitude to study. As the saying goes, pride leaped up: “How is it, my friends will become university students, but am I still a student of a technical school?” Vyacheslav enters a work faculty, passes exams as an external student, goes to the capital with everyone, but doesn’t return to his technical school, but enters to the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University.

During his studies at Moscow State University, he met a student of the Moscow Pedagogical Institute named after V.I. Lenin Alexandra Semenovna Chistyakova, who then became his wife. Later in A. Kovrov Bahireva worked in schools No. 2 and 15 as a chemistry teacher and head teacher. In Moscow in 1940, the first daughter of the Bakhirev Tatyana was born. The diploma of the completion of the mechmath of Moscow State University, specializing in mechanics, states that V.V. Bahirev "assigned the qualification of a scientific worker in the field of mechanics, a university teacher, a technical college and the title of secondary school teacher" by the decision of the State Examination Commission dated July 3, 1941. An extract from the test record was dated July 9. The certificate of the People’s Commissariat of Arms for sending a graduate “to the disposal of plant No. 2” indicates “the time of arrival at the destination on August 1, 1941”.

But already on July 18, 1941 in the work book of V.V. Bakhireva there was a record: "The plant named after Kirkiz ... Admitted to the post of design engineer." And in his personal file, another document was preserved, an official memo from the chief mechanic of the plant: “Ch. factory engineer. Comrade Bakhirev V.V., who graduated from Moscow University in the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics, can be used in research. In Dep. ch. mechanics by profession cannot be used. ” The note is dated July 9, 1941. Thus, by this time V.V. Bakhirev, without giving himself a single day of vacation, managed to get a diploma, come to Kovrov (probably, having not completed the rest of the university documents, the extract from the test record was also dated July 9), submit documents for admission to the plant and get the initial direction to the chief mechanic’s department . It is difficult to imagine how the fate of V.V. Bakhireva (and not only his personal fate), if in the tense atmosphere of the first weeks of the war the chief mechanic of the plant A.V. Aleksandrov was not so attentive to the examination of the documents of a young specialist. Surely, it would not be so difficult for him to find a vacant ordinary engineering position in a department or one of the workshops. All cases were resolved very promptly - on the same day, on a note from the chief mechanic, a laconic order appeared, addressed to the hiring and dismissal department: “Renew to OGK”. This was another twist of fate of V.V. Bahireva.

In the July days of 1941, a situation developed for the Kovrov Plant No. 2 named after Kirkiz, to which the proverb "... yes, misfortune helped." If the war had not begun, both Bakhirev and the Moscow State University graduates who arrived at the same time could have received other appointments, and now they were sent to a large plant far from the front line, which was not threatened with evacuation. In the same July, the forty-first in Kovrov were sent to students who did not complete their studies, who completed only 4 courses, students of the Leningrad Military Mechanical Institute. Among them are Pavel Vasilyevich Finogenov, the future director of the plant, then the Minister of Defense Industry of the USSR, Hero of Socialist Labor. In the fifties, Bahirev and Finogenov will work hand in hand, but for now everyone has their own assignment: Finogenov as a foreman in the workshop, Bahirev as a design engineer.

Life itself did not allow yesterday’s student to stay in “young beginners”. He becomes a senior structural engineer, then head of the bureau for the current production of aircraft weapons. During the Great Patriotic War, the Kirkiz Kovrov Plant was one of the largest enterprises in the country producing not only small arms for infantry and tanks, but also high-speed automatic aircraft guns Shpitalnoy and Vladimirov ShVAK, Volkov and Yartsev VY23, then Nudelman and Suranov NS23, and after the war of Nudelman and Richter HP23. It is no coincidence that in the Decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of September 16, 1945 on the awarding of the plant with the Order of Lenin, in the first place, the successful fulfillment by the staff of T-bills on providing the Red Army with aviation weapons was highlighted. And the first (and for a long time the only) state award of V.V. Bakhireva was awarded the medal "For Valiant Labor in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945" handed to him on October 24, 1946.

Promotion in the postwar years went pretty fast. May 9, 1948 V.V. Bakhirev was transferred to the post of deputy chief for experimental work of Experimental Design Bureau No. 2. And the head of OKB2 at that time was a man whose name was soon started to be carried out by the factory designer, Hero of Socialist Labor V.A. Degtyarev.

After the reorganization of the enterprise in the fall of 1950, when the branch was separated into an independent plant No. 575 (now the Kovrov Mechanical Plant), V.V. Bakhirev worked as the chief designer of the plant named after V.A. Degtyareva. A year and a half later, by order of the USSR Minister of Arms of May 10, 1952, he was appointed head of OKB2, which by then was part of Plant No. 575 (KMZ). As the laureate of the USSR State Prize O.S. Rusakov, during this period, "the design bureau continued to study the possibilities of creating new models of automatic weapons, the construction of a test station with ballistic and other laboratories equipped with the most modern instruments, with a shooting range for shooting weapons at distances of 100 and 25 meters, is being completed" (Rusakov O . S. Kovrov gunsmiths. Famous and unknown pages in the history of the Kovrov design bureau of automatic weapons from 1921 to 1960. M., 1995. P.317). The equipment of OKB2 with a test station with a shooting gallery is perhaps worth highlighting especially according to reports from previous years, it can be seen that work on its construction was delayed, and without this it is difficult to talk about full-fledged design and development activities.

September 1, 1954 by order of the Minister of Defense Industry V.V. Bakhirev returned to the plant named after V.A. Degtyareva to the position of chief engineer deputy director of the enterprise. In the same year, he changed his first Kovrov address to a house on Chelyuskintsev Street for an apartment in Sosnovy passage. “When we got this apartment, it seemed to us such a palace! recalls his daughter Tatyana Vyacheslavovna Bakhireva. Although the stove in the kitchen was heated with firewood (they later installed bottled gas), the apartment itself was initially of the Khrushchev type. Then it was repaired, something was attached, but at that time it was something unusual, and these two one-story ladies were called "director's mansions." And the column was on the street, it was necessary to go through the water for a quarter and a half, for the line that went to the flour mill. There was a well in the courtyard for watering the garden ”(Recording of a conversation with TV. Bahireva, December 1, 2000).

After a few years, dozens, hundreds, thousands of families of workers of the V.A. plant began to move into “unusual and wonderful” apartments for their time (not just with hot water, even without caring for firewood). Degtyareva, who since October 18, 1960 was headed by V.V. Bahirev. And those more than six years, who he was the chief engineer, the director was Pavel Vasilyevich Finogenov, the same former student of the Leningrad military commander, sent to the plant in July 1941, and later, in 1968, who headed the USSR Ministry of Defense Industry.

If at the beginning of his career V.V. Bakhirev, P.V. Finogenov, other leaders and specialists of their generation continued the work of V.G. Fedorova and V.A. Degtyareva, engaged in the design and manufacture of automatic small arms, then in the 1950s and 1960s it was they who were destined to make the most difficult transition to a qualitatively new level of growth. During this period, the plant named after V.A. Degtyareva began the development of the production of anti-tank and anti-aircraft combat missile equipment, unique equipment for nuclear energy, and the production of road and sports motorcycles and other manufactured goods and consumer goods increased. Much had to be done for the first time in the country (for example, ATGMs - anti-tank guided missiles), successfully competing with foreign leaders in mechanical engineering and the military-industrial complex. And in this work there were no secondary, of little relevance, allowing for a delay “for later” directions.

In early May 1960, a series of meetings and rallies took place at the plant, as well as throughout the country, at one of which the chief engineer V.V. Bahirev. It was about the invasion of an American reconnaissance aircraft into the airspace of the USSR. At meetings, standard phrases condemning provocation sounded. Then the macho who knew (and few initiates did not have the right to say) that the rocket which F. Powers plane was shot down on May 1, 1960 in Sverdlovsk also used equipment that had just begun to be manufactured by the V.A. De1tyareva. Among those noted by the state were employees of the enterprise.

V.V. On March 6, 1962, Bakhirev was awarded the first Order of the Badge of Honor "for fulfilling a special task of the government." There were many special tasks in those years, and so far not all wordings of closed decrees and resolutions have been deciphered.

“I first worked on small arms armament,” recalls the designer of ZiDa at the time of the late 1950s, then V.V. Alekseev. Then he was engaged in autopilot with new rocket technology, secret, promising ... And suddenly I was transferred to another bureau, on some sort of atomic topic. I almost cried, went to our head of the bureau Gelbstein: “Efim Semenovich, what didn’t suit you with?” And he conveyed Bahirev’s words: “We’ll stop making guns, we’ll stop making rockets, and while a man is alive, he needs heat. Apart from nuclear weapons, this atom is also peaceful energy, and there is no other alternative. ” So much he saw ahead. And no matter what issue you touch, foresight has manifested itself all the time ”(V. Nikulin in Kovrov, on Bakhirev Street. //“ Banner of Labor ”. 2001. September 14). The foresight in this specific issue can be assessed at the turn of the XXI centuries, when it was production No. 12, which manufactures equipment for nuclear energy, that turned out to be at V.A. Degtyareva "the most stable working and having the prospect of reliable development.

The appearance of the plant and the whole city was changing, along with production, the social sphere, housing construction were developing, and all this was also part of the responsibilities of Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev. The orders of the director of the plant refer to the development of an action plan in connection with the increase in output, emphasizes the need for the nature of the products to observe an exceptionally high production culture and impeccable quality of cases of poor-quality manufacturing of parts, the director considers "completely unacceptable in production in general and, especially, in special production ”(Archive of JSC“ VA Degtyarev Plant ”. Order of the Director of the VA Degtyarev Plant No. 256 dated September 20, 1961).

Even then, it was necessary to solve environmental problems, which were talked loudly several decades later. So, in the order of September 19, 1961, the progress of the government’s decision to strengthen water resources was analyzed: “The chromium water neutralizer was put into operation in workshop No. 8, projects for chromium neutralizers in workshop No. 6 and 48 were made, and a project for the capture of fuel oil was made oil pollution at the output cell. " Nevertheless, the overall assessment of the work is “unsatisfactory situation”, much has not been done yet (neutralizers from cyanide, alkaline and acid contaminants have not been designed, the construction of neutralizers in workshops No. 6 and 48 and treatment facilities from oil-and-oil pollution have not begun), due to which the plant pays significant fines.

And in the same series are documents related to the construction of new neighborhoods with multi-apartment buildings, ensuring the normal operation of a wide-screen movie theater in the Degtyarev park in winter, and preparing factory athletes for motocross competitions. Still in the position of chief engineer V.V. In 1957, Bakhirev was one of the initiators of winter motocrosses in Kovrov, which became traditional, annual and entered the official calendar of All-Union and All-Russian competitions.

In 1962, V.V. Bakhirev was first elected to the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the Kovrovsky constituency (later, as Minister, he was elected as a deputy in the Smolensk constituency). In 1964, he was awarded the Lenin Prize, the only employee of the V.A. Degtyareva in the history of the enterprise. “I consider him a legendary person in the field of organization of production. And Kovrov was lucky at a certain stage, of course, that there were such directors as Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev, ”- Hero of Socialist Labor, deputy general designer of the Instrument Design Bureau (Tula) V.P. Gryazev (Record of the memoirs of V.P. Gryazev on January 13, 2000).

Concluding the story about the carpet period of the work of V.V. Bakhireva, it is worth mentioning one more point that characterizes that era and the circle of problems facing the director and deputy, the solution of which sometimes was very little influenced even by the highest ranks and positions, combined with personal capacity for work and competence. In early 1965, at the V.A. House of Culture Degtyarev held a regular meeting of voters with the director of the plant, a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, who spoke about the measures outlined by the country's leadership to improve the standard of living of the people: “Already this year, the country's population will be provided with plenty of bread, including white, pasta, cereals, sugar, confectionery, vegetable oil, canned goods. All measures are being taken to provide the population with meat products and animal oil. "" A paradoxical contradiction and at the same time an ordinary touch of everyday life, the legacy of the just completed era of NS Khrushchev: the world's best weapons, rocket and nuclear equipment are adjacent to the problem of supplying the creators this technique is white bread, not to mention other products.

Vyacheslav Vasilyevich strongly opposed the transfer to Moscow, did not want to leave Kovrov and his factory. According to the memoirs of relatives, having returned home from a business trip, after another conversation with D.F. Ustinov, he said: "Everything, this time, seems to have fallen off ..." And in the morning a telephone rang a call to a new place of work, a resolution of the USSR Council of Ministers was signed. It was not just a transfer to Moscow, not just an appointment to a responsible position in the ministry, but immediately the first deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR. For many, such a career spurt would be the ultimate dream. The resolution of the Council of Ministers is dated March 23, 1965, the order of the minister was signed the next day, March 26, V.V. Bahirev set to work in a new place.

But in this position, he worked for a relatively short time. February 5, 1968 by Decree of the Council of Ministers of the USSR No. 71 V.V. Bahirev was appointed Minister of Engineering of the USSR. And this time, the decision on the new appointment was not just moving one more job step up. He was to create a new ministry, to raise an important branch of the defense industry, which in the post-war period for many years was by no means in the most important place in the sphere of attention of the state leadership, but somewhere far on the periphery. In the end, this inevitably had to affect the level of development of small arms and artillery weapons, that is, all branches of the armed forces, and even rocket technology, which in the 1950-1960s. a clear priority was given. The fact is that the new ministry had a rather arbitrary name (as was accepted in those years and for a number of other defense ministries), but was actually engaged in ammunition and rocket fuel.

P.A. Shakhov, who at that time worked as an instructor in the defense industry department of the Central Committee of the CPSU (later head of the engineering sector and deputy head of the defense department of the Central Committee of the CPSU), recalled the joint work with V.V. Bahirev:

“I was lucky to work with him hand in hand for about twenty years. The first time I met him was when he was First Deputy Minister of Defense Industry ... Vyacheslav Vasilievich was a great expert in all problems of industry, be it a design issue, technology or equipment used for various parts processing operations. After graduating from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University, having worked for a long time at one of the leading small arms factories, he incorporated all the subtleties of production. This rich experience in the production of small arms he very subtly and carefully transferred to the ammunition industry ... A lot of work had to be done to select among the best specialists who were more worthy to manage individual sub-sectors in this industry. And this industry itself is very specific. Both mechanics and radio electronics, and precision mechanics, special chemistry, is not a simple ministry. Very diverse. "

High appreciation of V.V. Bahirev and his personal qualities are also given by industry leaders and individual enterprises who have worked with him for many years. One of the most striking figures among the leaders of the defense complex of the Soviet Union is Vyacheslav Vasilyevich, Honorary Director of the Central Research Institute of Chemistry and Mechanics, Hero of Socialist Labor Yu.I. Red-cheeked:

“With a full understanding of the problems, he could conduct scientific and technical discussions with the chief designer, and with the technologist, and the director of the plant. His enormous capacity for work allowed him to know in detail the work of the industry and effectively manage the creation of new designs and their production ... I, as a worker in industrial science, especially impressed his attention to its role. This attention was based on his understanding of the role of science and the desire to ensure the superiority of domestic ammunition, which, of course, is one of the main components of the country's defense ... In his broad nature coexisted demanding, sometimes extremely tough demanding, and quick-witted, always found an echo of people's requests. Being essentially an authoritarian leader, he knew how to listen to advice, change his mind, listening to the opinions of colleagues. Being not only the Chief Administrator, but being essentially the leader of the industry, he invariably inspired us: “We must be the first!”

During this period, many had to deal with the technical re-equipment of factories and design organizations, the creation of new enterprises, research institutes and design bureaus, sometimes “from scratch”, from choosing a place for new construction and building design. Only in Moscow in a short time a number of modern complexes (at least several large buildings in each) for various purposes were built and equipped. Among them was a complex of buildings of the Research Institute of Applied Hydromechanics, the decision to create which V.V. Bahirev received in May 1969, a year after the formation of the new ministry. Hero of Socialist Labor, laureate of the USSR State Prize L.I. Zarubin and Professor, Lenin Prize Laureate E.S. Shakhidzhanov recall that V.V. Bakhirev “personally determined the place of development and during the construction process, delving into all the details, forced to redo the already built, if he found it unsatisfactory. So, having found in the production building the technical floor of the galvanic section was underestimated, he ordered to redo everything. This saved many troubles during the subsequent operation of maintenance-free galvanic baths. There are many such examples. ”

Of course, such work went not only in the capital, but also in Siberia, Altai, Ukraine, Belarus, and other regions of different republics of the Soviet Union. And no less important was to build new buildings, equip them with modern equipment, organize production.

As in other defense industries, the Ministry of Engineering had to deal with products not only military but also civilian, using the wide possibilities of the powerful scientific, technical and production potential created here. So, one of the main tasks of the Moscow Research Institute of Applied Chemistry was the restoration of unfairly forgotten production and the development of new types of ammunition with flame retardants. But at the same time they were engaged in fireworks, successfully participating abroad in international festivals and symposia on the art of fireworks, then pyrotechnic aerosol generators began to master modern fire extinguishing means. In preparation for the 1980 Moscow Olympics, the Ministry of Defense Industry and the Ministry of Engineering were given the task of developing a new quick-burning gunpowder for small-caliber cartridges for small arms. 14 Enterprises, research institutes and design bureaus participated in solving environmental problems, developing and manufacturing various protective equipment.

But the main task remained to provide the army with modern ammunition, explosives, rocket fuel. The foreign experience and the lessons of its combat use in local armed conflicts and "small" wars of the second half of the 20th century were taken into account in the improvement of military equipment. One of the major works successfully carried out in Minmash, which was extremely important in its importance and at the same time extremely difficult to implement, was the creation of the world's first high-speed submarine rocket Shkval. For his personal contribution to the development of “Flurry” V.V. Bahirev, along with a group of other participants in this work, was awarded the USSR State Prize.

September 16, 1976, on the eve of his 60th birthday, he was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor. Even before that, in 1966 and 1971 he was awarded two Orders of Lenin, and later, in 1981, the Order of the October Revolution, in 1986, another Order of Lenin. Among his awards there are also foreign orders “The Red Banner of Labor” of the People’s Republic of Bulgaria, medals of Bulgaria and a number of other states with which the Soviet Union had friendly relations in those years, and there was active military-technical cooperation. And among the domestic awards of V.V. Bakhireva, in addition to the official state ones, there are those that stand out from this series, but in no way less valuable. For example, a medal named after the USSR pilot-cosmonaut Yu.A. Gagarin, handed to GGO by the decision of the USSR Cosmonautics Federation dated April 12, 1981 “for active participation in ensuring the implementation of space research programs in the USSR” (work on the creation and production of rocket fuel was aimed not only at equipping the army with new weapons).

Of course, the life of the Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR consisted not only of success in the development of the industry, high achievements and awards. Doctor of Chemical Sciences, Lenin Prize Laureate L.V. Zabelin recalls the very difficult episodes that happened:

“Vyacheslav Vasilyevich was deeply worried about the accidents that occurred in the powder industry, associated with the loss of capacity, and sometimes people, and was usually impressed for a long time. But at the same time, he never “recouped” the chief engineer of the plant at which the accident occurred, since he understood that the causes of accidents during the development of new technological processes, as a rule, were in the complex of technical, organizational, disciplinary shortcomings, etc. Many managers survived the accidents at their enterprises, acquired worldly and professional wisdom, and could gratefully say: “I became a director thanks to Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev.”

And one more feature is noted by everyone who knew Vyacheslav Vasilyevich. Having become a Muscovite, having received high posts at first as the first deputy, and soon as a minister, a member of the Central Committee of the CPSU, remaining for many years a deputy of the Supreme Council of the USSR (no longer in the Kovrovsky constituency), he retained sincere love for his homeland. He kept in touch with fellow countrymen, with the plant’s staff, where he worked for many years, by all means tried to call in Kovrov, returning from a business trip if the path lay along the Gorky Moscow highway. And in addition to maintaining such purely personal contacts, he continued to do a lot for the development of Kovrov. Together with a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the RSFSR for the Kovrovsky constituency, Secretary of the Central Committee of the CPSU, and then Minister of Defense of the USSR D.F. Ustinov, as well as the Minister of Defense of the USSR P.V. Finogenov, V.V. Bakhirev made a significant contribution to solving the problems of building in Kovrov a modern hospital complex (medical unit of the Degtyarev plant), city sewage treatment plants, and a trolleybus network.

With a kind word, recall V.V. Bahireva and in Vladimir. It was he who in 1971 presented the highest award of the Motherland with the Order of Lenin to the staff of the Tochmash plant. Thanks to his support, additional funds and material resources were allocated for the completion and decoration of the Tochmash Palace of Culture, and in February 1980, V.V. Bahirev personally came to accept the new recreation center, which remains one of the best in the regional center.

Work on the development of Vladimir Tochmash, which was under the jurisdiction of the USSR Ministry of Mechanical Engineering, influenced the life of not only the regional center, but also the native of Minister Kovrov. On his initiative and with his support, a Tochmash branch was built in Kovrov - a modern plant equipped with the latest technology. Thanks to this, the Vladimir plant grew into a production association, and another large microdistrict appeared in Kovrov. Such was the mandatory requirement of V.V. Bakhireva promptly put into operation the whole complex: the enterprise, together with residential buildings, a boiler room, a children's plant, a cafeteria, shops, to carry out landscaping "". In the 1990s, the Kovrov Instrument-Making Plant, which became an independent enterprise, found itself in a protracted crisis, but that V.V. Bahireva and those who, together with him, left the city such a rich inheritance.

One more evidence of his attitude to Kovrov, the plant named after V.A. Degtyareva written by V.V. Bakhirev in collaboration with II. Kirillov (also a former factory employee, chief designer) book “Designer V.A. Degtyarev. Behind the lines of the biography. " It contains a story not only about the outstanding gunsmith, but also about his comrades-in-arms, about the establishment of the plant and its work in the pre-war period and the years of World War II. The first edition of the book was published in 1979, on the eve of the centenary of the birth of V.A. Degtyareva. This is the first detailed scientific biography of an outstanding designer, based primarily on facts and documents (in contrast to the previously published novels by G.D. Nagaev and short essays by other authors), written at the same time in a language accessible to a wide range of readers. One of the publications was specially revised into a book for high school students (Bakhirev V.V., Kirillov I.I. Constructor V.A. Degtyarev: Beyond Biography. M., 1979; 2nd ed., Revised and additional M ., 1983; Bakhirev V.V., Kirillov I.I. V.A. Degtyarev: Book for students. 3rd ed., Revised M., 1987).

The period when V.V. Bahirev had a chance to lead one of the most important defense industries, and, despite the external stability and strength of the Soviet state, was quite complex and contradictory. With all the undoubted, by no means invented, quite real successes and achievements, the causes of impending serious crisis phenomena grew and accumulated. And in the top party and state leadership they saw this (although at that time very harsh criticisms that were heard in closed meetings only in small doses could appear on the pages of newspapers, in radio and television programs). So, at a meeting in the defense department of the Central Committee of the CPSU on August 27, 1982, it was a question of even our advanced defense ministries lagging behind industry in the USA and Japan in terms of labor productivity and product quality. According to N.A. Shakhova, speaking at the meeting, V.V. Bahirev cited an example where “out of eight hours of working time, workers often fulfill their task in five hours, and three hours can walk. Serious government acts are needed to promote people's interest in their work. ” At the same meeting, he “drew attention to the fact that in recent years, local authorities began to increasingly distract workers from enterprises to various types of unproductive losses, such as work in the countryside, in construction, improvement, up to digging graves and milking cows on farms ". It was also the price of well-being and stability of that time.

And in his own ministry, not everything suited him. At one of the meetings in the mid-1980s, V.V. Bakhirev “very justly assessed the activities of a number of research institutes in the slow implementation of their own developments in production. In the literal sense of the word, he said that the Kazan Scientific Research Institute of Chemical Products throws most of the scientific research into a “basket”, and the dissertations on these topics are successfully defended ... The Scientific and Research Engineering Institute was seriously criticized for its work in improving the armor penetration of tank shells. In the style of Vyacheslav Vasilievich, when he, worrying about the poor results of the work of subordinate enterprises, gives a tough assessment. Here are his authentic words: “The work of NII24 is disgusting, vile. Fortune-telling is going on in this research institute whether the next batch of Nadezhda shells will stand the test. We’ve got enough of this trouble from this institute. ”

However, this does not mean that the USSR Ministry of Engineering was worse than others. On the contrary, created to some extent from scratch, it made a huge leap forward in two decades in the development of the industry and its equipment. A harsh criticism of obvious miscalculations meant something else: V.V. Bahirev sought to bring the teams of factories, research institutes, design bureaus to a higher level, felt in himself and his subordinates the strength for this, was confident in their capabilities. In a word, he acted according to ancient wisdom: "To whom much has been given, much will be asked."

But there came a time of great change, including personnel. By a decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on June 5, 1987, the minister was relieved of his post in connection with his retirement. Now the family remained, the bookman loved to read F.M. Dostoevsky, A.P. Chekhov, A.N. Tolstoy, memoirs, where he was interested in such different personalities as, for example, W. Churchill and Marshal G.K. Zhukov. I carefully read the perestroika “Spark”, although far from everything I could accept in his publications. In recent years, one of the most beloved for V.V. Bahireva was just started to publish the magazine of the Soviet Cultural Foundation Our Heritage.

However, Vyacheslav Vasilievich could not remain just a personal pensioner of national importance. Among his other personal documents, the Bakhirev family retained certificate No. 2760, signed by the new Minister of Defense of the USSR (P.V. Finogenov was also retired by then): “The bearer of this certificate, comrade. Bakhirev Vyacheslav Vasilievich is an adviser to the Ministry. May 26, 1990. ”The document was issued three years after the resignation and a little more than six months before the death of V.V. Bahireva, whose knowledge and energy were necessary for the new generation of state leaders.

Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev died suddenly for his family leaving January 2, 1991 from the house for an ordinary walk. Seeing an elderly man crouching, a Moscow policeman (of course, who did not know the former minister and member of the CPSU Central Committee in person) asked: “What is the matter with you? Is it bad for you to call an ambulance? ”The ambulance drove up quickly, but the doctors could no longer help.

“V.V Bakhirev showed the talent of the organizer of industry, the broadest technical erudition, high integrity and exactingness, combined with a sensitive and attentive attitude towards people ... With his tireless work, V.V. Bakhirev made a great contribution to the development of industry, to the solution of complex scientific and technical problems in creating new models of modern military equipment and providing them with the country's armed forces. ”

On November 5, 1999, on the building of the administrative building of the Armature Design Bureau (former OKB2 building), memorial plaques were opened dedicated to the former OKB2 chiefs, Heroes of Socialist Labor V. A. Degtyarev and V.V. Bahirev. January 6, 2001 at the building of the administrative building (building "A") of JSC "Plant named after V.A. Degtyareva "a memorial plaque dedicated to VV Bahirev (author, artist of the construction and architectural department of the plant, member of the Union of Artists of Russia P.Ya. Raskin). So the team of money tyrevtsev celebrated the 10th anniversary of the death of one of its directors.

- [R. 4 (17) .9.1916, der. Dudorovo, now Savinsky district, Ivanovo region], Soviet statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1976). Member of the CPSU since 1951. Born in the family of a peasant. He graduated in 1941 at Moscow State University. In 1941–65 he worked in factories ... ...

Bahirev Russian surname. Famous carriers: Bakhirev Vladimir Nikolaevich (1923 1944) Hero of the Soviet Union. Bakhirev, Vyacheslav Vasilievich (1916 1991) Soviet statesman. Bahirev, Mikhail Koronatovich (1868 ... ... Wikipedia

Vyacheslav Vasilievich [p. 4 (17) .9.1916, der. Dudorovo, now Savinsky district, Ivanovo region], Soviet statesman, Hero of Socialist Labor (1976). Member of the CPSU since 1951. Born in the family of a peasant. He graduated in 1941 at Moscow State University. IN … Great Soviet Encyclopedia

Lenin Prize Laureate Medal Lenin Prize Laureates This list is incomplete. The Lenin Prize was awarded annually on April 22, the birthday ... Wikipedia

The Lenin Prizes in the USSR are one of the highest forms of encouraging citizens for the greatest achievements in the field of science, technology, literature, art and architecture. Contents 1 Prize History 2 Winners 2.1 Prize and ... Wikipedia

Minister of Mechanical Engineering of the USSR (1968-1987)

Born in the village of Dudorovo, Kovrovsky district, Vladimir province. He began his career in 1933 as a milling machine operator at factory No. 2 named after K.O. Kirkizha (plant of V.A. Degtyarev since 1949) of the USSR People's Commissariat for Armaments.

Since 1933 he studied at the Moscow Railway College. A.A. Andreeva, then at the labor school in the city of Kovrov. In 1941 he graduated from the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University.

From 1941 to 1960 worked as a design engineer, lead designer, chief designer, chief engineer of the Kovrov defense plant.
   1960-1965 - Director of the Kovrov Defense Plant.
   In 1965, the 1st Deputy Minister of Defense of the USSR.
   1968 - 1987 - Minister of Engineering of the USSR.

Fulfilled the assignment to create the Ministry of Engineering of the USSR. During the stay V.V. Bahireva as Minister of Engineering, the industry involved in the production of ammunition, rocket fuel and civilian products was fundamentally modernized. In various regions of the USSR (Siberia, Ukraine, Belarus, etc.), new enterprises and research institutes were commissioned. Ammunition and weapons samples were created that were not inferior to foreign counterparts, but surpassed them in a number of indicators. V.V. Bakhirev made a personal contribution to the development of the world's first high-speed submarine rocket Shkval, which contributed to the development of the Soviet military-industrial complex, increasing the role of the USSR in the world economy and international relations and strengthening the country's defense.

Hero of Socialist Labor (1976). He was awarded four orders of Lenin, the Order of the Badge of Honor and medals. Laureate of Lenin (1964) and State (1978 - for his personal contribution to the development of high-speed submarine rocket "Flurry") of USSR awards.

September 17 marks the 100th anniversary of a prominent Soviet statesman, an outstanding organizer of the national defense industry complex, Hero of Socialist Labor, cavalier of the four Orders of Lenin, Order of the October Revolution, USSR Lenin and State Prize laureate, USSR Minister of Engineering Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bilyev from 1968-1987. He was born on September 17, 1916 in the village of Dudorovo, Shuysky district, Vladimir province. He began his career in 1930 as a student of the Federal Law School in Kovrov. Since 1932 he worked as a milling machine operator at the plant No. 2 of the People's Commissariat of Heavy Engineering of the USSR. In 1934 he graduated from the Moscow Railway College. Andreeva, and in the same year began his studies at the working faculty in Kovrov. In 1935 he entered the Faculty of Mechanics and Mathematics of Moscow State University. Lomonosov, who graduated in 1941. Since the beginning of World War II, he was directed to work at the plant No. 2 of the USSR People’s Commissariat for Arms in Kovrov under the leadership of the famous designer of small arms V. A. Degtyarev. At this enterprise, Vyacheslav Bakhirev worked as a design engineer, senior design engineer, deputy chief of design bureau, head of bureau, chief engineer. In 1960 he was appointed director of the Kovrov plant them. V. A. Degtyarev, in the shops of which his work biography once began. Here he received his first state award - the medal "For Valiant Labor during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945."

In 1961, for the practical implementation of the S-125 SAM project at the Kovrov plant, Bahirev was awarded the Badge of Honor as the director of the plant. In 1965 he was awarded the Order of Lenin for the fulfillment by the Kovrov Plant of a five-year plan for defense orders, the production of consumer goods, and the successful social development of the enterprise entrusted to him. In the same year, he was confirmed to the post of First Deputy Minister of Defense Industry of the USSR.

In February 1968, in connection with the formation of the USSR Ministry of Engineering, Bahirev was appointed its head. He created new research areas and teams, unique production facilities with a high level of mechanization and automation of technological processes. Under his leadership, high-performance and high-precision artillery shells and multiple launch rocket systems, anti-submarine, anti-tank and engineering ammunition, aerial bombs, pyrotechnic means, fuses, etc. were developed and adopted. During the technical re-equipment of the industry, Bahirev paid special attention to the safety of special productions at enterprises ministries.

To solve the major scientific problems facing the industry of ammunition and special chemistry, Bakhirev attracted a large number of academic institutes, higher education organizations, enterprises and institutions to fruitful cooperation. At the initiative of the Minmash collegium and Bahirev personally, extended meetings of the leadership of the ministry were systematically held with the participation of the Presidium of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the command of the combat arms, and the heads of related ministries and departments. Thanks to this, a deep scientific foundation was created. For his great personal contribution to the development of solid propellant rocket science in the USSR, V.V. Bakhirev was awarded the title Hero of Socialist Labor in 1976.

Along with the development of the defense sector, Bahirev managed to ensure the production of civilian products. For certain types of consumer goods and dual-use goods, the Ministry of Engineering has become the main supplier to the USSR. On the initiative of Bahirev, large-scale capital construction of social facilities and housing complexes was carried out.

Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev was elected a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR of the 6-11th convocations. Nominated by a delegate to the XXII-XXVII Congresses of the CPSU, from 1971 to 1987 he was a member of the Central Committee of the Party. His life full of drama and bright victories is an example of serving high ideals.

We all honor the memory of Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev. And for us today, the memories of our veterans, who were lucky to personally know Vyacheslav Vasilievich, to work under his leadership, are especially valuable.

Last week, on the basis of JSC "Scientific Research Engineering Institute" Concern "Techmash" of the State Corporation "Rostec", the grand opening of the monument to Vyacheslav Bakhirev, Minister of Industry of the USSR.

Vyacheslav Vasilievich worked in this difficult post from 1968 to 1987 and he can rightly be called the founder of the modern industry of ammunition and special chemistry.

For the younger generation, it is necessary to clarify: ammunition for military equipment is like a cartridge for a printer. Without a modern shell, a tank becomes useless or at least weak if the ammunition is not modern. It is also very important to be able to make your own high-quality ammunition, because this is an important component of the country's independence.

Those distant years of the twentieth century were very difficult. The confrontation between the two political systems has led to a confrontation between economic and military. The Cold War was in full swing, US military bases surrounded our country from all sides. The political and military situation was very tense. At the time of Khrushchev, there was a “skew” in the military doctrine of the USSR, and the development of tactical and strategic missile systems received special priority.

Nikita Khrushchev sincerely believed that a rocket and a nuclear bomb could solve all military-political problems. The industry, just restored after the Great Patriotic War, and the budget of the USSR could not ensure the simultaneous development of all types of weapons. The consequence of this was the reduction of other classic types of weapons. “Under the knife” went planes, tanks, guns, ships, and of course, their ammunition.

At the same time, the second industrial revolution was approaching sunset, and the sun was rising on the horizon of the third stage of world industrial development. Mechanical engineering, which is the basis of any developed power, was no exception. Changes in production technology were not just visible - they were felt by the skin, and ammunition science and industry were still at the post-war stage of development. This failure had to be urgently eliminated, and it was precisely for this work that Vyacheslav Bakhirev, a man, engineer, and leader, was responsible.

But back to the shell, and more specifically to the ammunition, because this is a broader concept. There is such a term - “a full production cycle”, one might say, production from “a” to “I”. To produce a simple projectile, the efforts of not just individual enterprises, but entire industries are necessary: \u200b\u200bmining (coal, ore, chemical components), manufacturing (metal, cellulose, plastic), machine-building (manufacturing blanks, explosives, sophisticated electronic and mechanical components and put it all together).

The path to the finished ammunition, despite all its apparent simplicity, is long and thorny and requires the efforts of many enterprises and people. Our country is one of six countries in the world where a full production cycle is implemented, and today it occupies a leading position in this industry among world powers. For most types of ammunition, we are the first in terms of quality and technical specifications. Having a full ammunition production cycle is an important component of a country's independence. After all, if difficult times break out, then you can only hope for your own capabilities and resources, but you must protect the country. This is what Vyacheslav Bahirev did at his post together with a whole galaxy of like-minded people and students.

Now, back to our day. The days when the merits of engineer Bakhirev were deservedly immortalized. The Research Institute of Engineering received a proud prefix to its name - “named after V.V. Bakhirev”, memorial busts of Vyacheslav Vasilyevich were opened at the enterprises of the Tekhmash concern, and a memorial plaque was opened in the house where he lived.

The opening ceremony was attended by Deputy General Director of Rostec State Corporation Igor Zavialov, General Director of the Tekhmash Concern Sergey Rusakov, USSR Minister of Engineering Boris Belousov, daughter of Vyacheslav Bakhirev Tatyana Bakhireva, friends, like-minded students of Vyacheslav Vasilyevich, many of whom also became legends .

“The merits of this major statesman, who from 1968 to 1987 headed the USSR Ministry of Mechanical Engineering and made a significant contribution to strengthening the defense capability of our country and equipping its Armed Forces with highly effective weapons of fire, are invaluable. Created by V.V. Bakhirev hurt allowed to maintain and continue the development of the industry of ammunition and special chemicals in modern Russia "- said the general director of JSC NPK Techmash Sergey Rusakov.

On the same day, a gala evening dedicated to the 100th anniversary of V.V. Bakhirev was held at the Central Museum of the Great Patriotic War on Poklonnaya Hill. Rainy weather did not cope with the warmth of human hearts and receded into the background. At the memorable evening, many kind words were said to Vyacheslav Bakhirev, and to the organizers of this event.

The Concern’s best employees were awarded departmental awards - “V.V. Medal” Bakhireva "Ministry of Industry and Trade of Russia and" For Labor Valor "of the Ministry of Defense of Russia.

Joseph Kobzon addressed the guests, performing his famous repertoire, Nikolai Rastorguev and Lyudmila Zykina’s ensemble “Russia”.

It was very interesting to listen to the memoirs of colleagues of Vyacheslav Vasilyevich about how the munition industry and mechanical engineering developed in those years. What difficulties were there and what successes were then achieved.

The general designer of the NPO Splav Nikolai Aleksandrovich Makarovets recalled how Vyacheslav Bakhirev promoted the development of multiple launch rocket systems and entrusted him with work in the RZSO sector. At present, our Grads, Tornadoes and Hurricanes have no equal, and missiles have become not only powerful, but also smart.

The general designer of JSC Pribor Oleg Timofeevich Chizhevsky also shared his memories of Vyacheslav Vasilyevich Bakhirev. By the way, you can read more about this in an article published in the journal "Arsenal of the Fatherland" No. 3

There were interesting times - because it was then that we became the undisputed leaders of the ammunition industry, and a powerful industrial platform was created for the further development of our mechanical engineering. The platform is so powerful that the “acts of the young reformers” from the Western world could not destroy it. What is happening now? How do enterprises live in whose development Vyacheslav Bakhirev was directly involved?

I often visit many enterprises of the military-industrial complex of our country and I can responsibly declare that the industrial modernization program, launched several years ago, really works.

Enterprises are being transformed simply before our eyes, outdated equipment is changing, new technologies are being mastered, young employees are coming. I am glad that in the ratings of modern youth, the professions of the real sector of the economy — engineers and workers — began to come to the fore. According to the statistics of educational institutions, there are less and less willing to become financiers and lawyers. These are good professions, but they are designed to serve real production. After all, if you do not produce anything, then there will be nothing to serve.

In conclusion, on behalf of the editors of our magazine, I want to once again congratulate the comrades-in-arms of Vyacheslav Bakhirev and the employees of NPK Tekhmash JSC and all people who are not indifferent to the future of our country with this significant event and wish them further success in their work for the good of our Motherland.

Dmitry Drozdenko.