Ready-made business plan with calculation tables. Ready-made business plan with calculations using the example of a web studio

Welcome readers of the “site”! Today we will talk in detail about what is a business plan and why is it needed? , how to draw up a business plan as clearly, competently and succinctly as possible (we will provide a sample with calculations), and also provide links so that you can download ready-made examples for free .

This material will be useful to all novice entrepreneurs and businessmen who plan to attract money from banks (investors).

Read further in the issue about how to draw up a business plan for a small business yourself, what rules and procedures for drawing up exist, and where to download a ready-made business plan.

Every entrepreneur comes across the concept of a business plan sooner or later.

Business plan(from English business plan) is a project of your business, in which the goals and objectives of its creation are clearly defined. In it, the entrepreneur must describe his actions over a specific period of time to make a profit.

Business plan structure, objectives and strategy

2. Rules for drawing up (writing) a business plan 📝

Rule 1. Study the market situation in advance

Before starting to draw up a business plan, it is necessary to analyze the situation on the market as a whole. Collect as much information as possible about the upcoming enterprise or successful implementation.

Rule 2. Create a clear business strategy and follow it

The business plan must include specific actions throughout a certain period of time.

You must write down your actions month, 3 months, 6 months, year and 3 of the year.

Rule 3. Consider both the pros and cons of the chosen business

In a business plan, you need to describe not only your strengths, but also possible losses, so to speak, weaknesses.

For example , strengths include highly qualified specialists, market recognition, bright brand etc. Possible losses or threats include: great competition, high cost of goods or services.

3. How to write a business plan yourself - the procedure for writing and the structure of a business plan 📑

Regardless of your type of activity, the main components of a business plan will be the same.

How to write a business plan - step-by-step instructions with an example

1. Introduction

The introductory part should not be too lengthy, but it should describe the most important things:

• direction of the enterprise's activity;
• project payback period;
• specific indicators.

Your potential investor should know the time frame for returning his investment and possible losses.

2) Description of services

In this section, describe in detail the direction of your activity. Decide for yourself which market segment you will work with.

Important! Assess your competitors and your advantages over them.

Decide what you plan to focus on in your activities: low cost with high sales volumes, high service, or maybe something else.

To completethissection you need to do the following:

• Give a description and characteristics of the company's main and secondary products;
• Take photographs of goods and services;
• Create a portrait of your intended consumer;
• Research and test your target market for similar products or services;
• Organize a service;
• Provide a pricing model. Assess the competitiveness of your project on the market.

After carrying out such an analysis, you will definitely understand and be able to highlight the differences between your products in the sales market. You will also clearly formulate what you produce and who needs it.

3) Marketing plan

Marketing plan – perhaps the most important stage in the development of your business. A lot will depend on well-designed marketing. You need to identify your main competitors, understand how they are promoting their project, and do it better.

Business promotion methods can be different:

• Place advertisements on radio, in magazines, on websites. It is only important to determine which format of the advertising project is right for you;
• Be sure to work on direct sales. Starting with “cold calls” to potential customers, ending with the sale of goods and services with the help of representatives;
• Encourage your staff to achieve high results. Come up with promotions and bonuses for employees;
• Find out the most favorable season for your business;

Main, Really assess the situation, do not exaggerate your capabilities. Brainstorm regularly and come up with new routes. Read more about it here.

4) Organizational plan

Specifically write down all the steps of the activity, assign persons responsible for performing certain actions. Limit the deadline for completing the task.

5) Financial plan

When drawing up a financial plan, it is necessary to take into account all the little things, dividing expenses into permanent and one-time ones.

• Fixed expenses – this is a monthly office, payment of rent, utilities, Internet, telephone, etc.
• One-time costs – this is the purchase of equipment for work, For example, computers, scanners, phones, etc.

After compiling your expenses, determine for yourself the minimum sales volume that will cover your operating expenses. Everything that is sold from above will be yours profit .

After calculating this, you will determine for yourself break-even point. You could say that this is the purpose of a business plan.

6) Conclusion

The conclusion is intended to attract investors. Optimal partition volume from 2 before 4 pages, which must be indicated:

• The main vector of your company’s activity;
• Project profitability;
• Analysis of the company’s place in the sales market;
• Company personnel, responsible persons;
• Expected qualitative and quantitative indicators for each period.

The “Resume” section should provide answers to 2 main questions:

1. What results can investors expect from favorable business development?
2. What should investors expect in a worst-case scenario?

Of course, it is better to write a conclusion when the business plan has already been practically drawn up.

4. Sample business plan with calculations using the example of an anti-cafe

Let's take a closer look at a ready-made sample business plan using the example of an anti-cafe .

Business plan structure - example "Anticafe"

1) Overview section

In the table we will see all the general information about the project:

№	Titles	Descriptions
1.	Name	"Gloss"
2.	Organizational form	Individual entrepreneur
3.	Services available	Various programs; Events (trainings, seminars); Birthdays;
4.	Location of the organization and sales market	Stavropol
5.	Operating mode	From 11.00 until the last client.
6.	Establishment staff	Supervisor - 1 people Administrator – 1 people Service staff - 3 people Director - 1 people security – 1 people
7.	Required starting capital	500 000 rubles
8.	Expenses	167 000 rubles
9.	Return on investment period	10-11 months
10.	Competition	Small
11.	Organization income	216 000 rubles
12.	Organizational loss	167 000 rubles
13.	Organizational profit	49 000 rubles

2) Goods and services

An amount will be charged for the time spent in the anti-cafe 2 rub./min . For this money the cafe will provide services such as:

• Mini library, you can retire and read books;
• Lots of games for large groups (mafia, board games);
• Game console;
• Karaoke, projector, tablets;
• Various courses can be arranged For example, English, Spanish, psychology, makeup training;
• You can also order banquets, children's birthdays;
• There is Wi-Fi, any visitor can use it;
• Tea, coffee and various sweets.

Ideal clients: older people 17 -45 years of age who live an active life; they have an average income; without bad habbits; these people like to spend time profitably; they would like to receive good knowledge and great emotions.

The client must be taken to the cafe near 22 hours per month. From this the profit per person is calculated about 3600 rubles per month.

3) Marketing strategy

There is currently one cafe in this segment in the city. It poses a potential threat since they already have an established customer base.

• Social networks (Instagram, telegram and others);
• SMS mailings;
• Discounts, coupons;
• Radio announcements.

Promotion strategy for a new anti-cafe:

1. Direct attraction. Searching for clients or organizations that will come to us in a large group. Conducting children's matinees. Discounts for regular customers. Advertising in institutions.
2. Advertising on Odnoklassniki, Agent and many different networks. Reaching a group of people who are at home. Advertising on social networks allows you to obtain a lot of information from customers and very quickly answer all questions of interest, while requiring very little financial costs.
3. Building partnerships with companies that specialize in various holidays, show programs, corporate evenings, etc.
4. Club card. This card gives you the right to spend as much time as you like in the anti-cafe. Price 4 800 rubles, validity period 1 month.
5. Radio advertising. After a month of work, a story about events in the anti-cafe.

Such a business has seasonality . The anti-cafe has the highest attendance in autumn and winter seasons. And in the summer and spring there are fewer clients ↓.

Therefore, the plan should be drawn up in such a way as to increase profit several times, so as not to go into lesion .

№	Name	Deadlines	Responsible	Results and notes
1	Study	01.01.14 – 01.02.14	Manager	We have proven all our data
2	Recruitment	01.02.14 – 01.03.14	Manager	Found employees
3	Search for premises	01.03.14 – 01.04.14	Manager	Found a room based on the criteria
4	Repair	01.04.14 – 01.05.14	Manager	Repairs made to all requirements
5	We purchase equipment	01.05.14 – 01.06.14	Manager	Delivery to your place
6	Approval of the action plan	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Director	Agreements have been concluded
7	We are registering	01.06.14 – 03.06.14	Manager	Purchased a cash register and documents
8	Advertising	03.06.14 – 10.06.14	We are hiring a specialist	Conducted advertising on all points
9	Opening	12.06.13	Manager	Everything went great, there were a lot of competitions and gifts, there were journalists, everyone knew about us

4) Financial plan

№	Expenses	Quantity (pcs.)	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Purchase of equipment	50	5 000	250 000
2	Purchase of inventory	100	1 000	100 000
3	Finishing work	1	150 000	150 000
Total:				500 000

5) Conclusions

№	Name	Quantity	Cost, rub.)	Amount (rub.)
1	Building rental (150 sq.m.)	1 month	40 000	40 000
2	Payment of wages	6 people	15 000	90 000
3	Public utilities	1 month	5 000	5 000
4	Products	700 sets	10	7 000
5	Taxes	1 month	15 000	15 000
6	Deductions for depreciation	1 month	10 000	10 000
Total:				167 000

Having analyzed all expenses for the reporting month, we can say that if the establishment’s profit is greater 167 000 rubles, that's what it will be break-even point .

Given:

Simultaneous costs = 500 000 rubles
Expense per month = 167 000 rubles

Find: Payback period -?

Solution :

Payback period = One-time costs / emergency per month

1) We find an emergency per month

Emergency per month = Income per month - Expense per month

Profit for the month = (Profit per day) * 30 days = ( 30 Human * 2 hours * 120 rubles/hour) * 30 days = 216 000 rubles
Emergency per month = 216,000 rubles - 167,000 rubles = 49,000 rubles

2) Finding the payback period

Payback period = 500,000 rubles (down payment) / 49,000 rubles (PE per month) = 10 months

*Of course, all calculations made above are approximate and may differ from region to region.

5. Ready-made business plan examples for free + template 📎

We present a ready-made template for writing your plan, into which you can easily enter your data for calculations and overview analytics.

📌

Good planning is the basis for the successful operation of any enterprise, and small projects are no exception. Having in hand a business plan that has been drawn up competently, where all the components of success are presented and all the main risks are taken into account, with due diligence you can definitely count on a good return from the activities of a small company. Let's look at the procedure for developing this document and consider an example of a business plan for a small business.

A Good Business Plan for a Small Business: Key Points

A business plan for a small company, like any other, should include:

• all necessary information about the company;
• the goods or services it produces;
• sales markets;
• the company's marketing approach;
• organization of all main production processes.

The main difference between a plan for a small business is that when drawing it up, you need to take into account much fewer points than when developing planning documentation for a large company.

Therefore, the documents themselves are compiled simpler and have less volume.

However, in any case, the matter must be approached with all seriousness, because a mistake can be costly. If there are one or more errors in the plan, this may prevent the company from turning a profit.

The procedure for developing a business plan for a small enterprise

The plan needs to consistently record seven main points.

1. Business concept.
2. Basic information about the company.
3. The essence of the enterprise’s activities, information about the goods sold and services provided.
4. Market conditions (information about potential consumers and competitors should be provided here).
5. Development strategy.
6. Organization of company management.
7. Financial planning.

How to write a business plan correctly?

To create a plan, you first need to answer a few basic questions.

• What is the purpose of creating a business?
• What result do you want?
• How will the company be managed?
• How exposed is the company's activities to external factors?
• How competitive will the company be?
• How great will the financial stability of the company be?

In order for planning to be carried out at the proper level, you must have some experience in running a business and understand how to properly organize financial flows.

If you do not have enough knowledge for this, it is better to seek help from those who have it, or buy a ready-made plan and redo it.

Small Business Business Plan Example

Let's look at the business plan for a fitness bar in an abbreviated form.

1. Summary

The Fitnessbar company operates in the catering market. Sales volumes of goods in this place in the first year should reach 15,000,000 rubles, and profit - 1,300,000 rubles. To do this you will need to invest 5,000,000 rubles.

The enterprise will expand in the future. To solve this problem, additional investments will be attracted, and profits will also be spent on expansion.

1.1. Goals

• Increase the sales volume of goods in the Fitness Bar by 2 times.
• Reduce costs so that they are no more than 15% of sales.

1.2. Company mission

We strive to ensure that visitors enjoy their stay in our bar and become our regular customers and want our establishment to become the most popular fitness bar in the city of N.

We are working to improve comfort and create conditions for relaxation in the Fitness Bar. To do this, we are improving the quality of service, organizing broadcasts of matches and sports programs, and creating an atmosphere of unity and friendliness.

1.3. Keys to Success

• Quality: The products sold in our establishment must be of the highest quality, as is the service.
• Proper management of financial flows.
• Strict cost control.

1.4. Possible risks

1. Competing companies.
2. Lack of solvent clients in the city of N.

Children's products never lose popularity, and many mothers prefer to order products online. At this link you will find a sample business plan for an online children's clothing store.

2. About the company

The company's concept includes:

• high specialization: The company's target audience is people who are passionate about fitness, and we do everything to satisfy their needs;
• creating a first-class service: high quality of service, comfortable seats, regular broadcasts of sports programs;
• location: The bar is located in the city center and is located within walking distance from three fitness centers and a sports school.

2.1. Owners

The owner of the company is Ivan Ivanov, the company is his sole property.

2.2. Company history

The Fitnessbar company was founded in 2014.

Every year, Fitnessbar increases sales and expands the circle of its clients.

Table 1. Development costs

3. Services provided

The establishment is a fitness bar where visitors have the opportunity to dine, watch broadcasts of matches and other sports programs and meet friends, as well as make new acquaintances. The range includes three services:

• nutrition;
• the ability to watch broadcasts;
• retail sale of sports nutrition and sports paraphernalia.

3.1. Technology

Plasma screens are used for broadcasting.

4. Market description

The market is very promising, since the number of people interested in fitness is growing every year. The popularity of fitness bars is also growing year by year, and this trend will continue for many years to come.

4.1. Market segmentation

The market consists of three main segments:

• people who are passionate about fitness;
• people who lead a healthy lifestyle and take a careful approach to nutrition;
• fans.

4.2. Market State

Competition in the market is low, which opens up wide opportunities for development. In the city of N there are only 3 competitive establishments per 100,000 people, which do not satisfy the demand that is growing every year.

5. Strategy and its implementation

The company's strategy is to meet the needs of fitness enthusiasts, people who pay great attention to healthy eating and sports fans.

5.1. Competitive advantage

The main competitive advantage is the high quality of food and service and a special approach to serving customers from all three market segments.

5.2. Marketing strategy

The Fitnessbar company is positioned as follows: a highly specialized establishment that provides visitors with three services.

This includes food, retail sales of sports nutrition and sports supplies.

Cost price

Information on the cost of goods and services provided is given in Table 2.

Table 3. Sales plan

6. Management

The company has 6 employees. The company is managed by its owner, Ivan Ivanov.

Workers perform three main functions:

• are engaged in establishing supplies and sales;
• service the fitness bar equipment;
• deal with accounting and administration issues.

Table 4. Staffing table

7. Financial plan

• The company's profit growth is stable and moderate, the balance is positive at any time.
• Residual profits are invested in business development.

Table 4. Planned balance

Planned balance
Assets
	2016
Money	RUB 27,000.00
Debt	0.00 rub.
Funds in securities	RUB 30,000.00
Inventory	RUB 22,000.00
Other assets	RUB 24,000.00
Total assets	RUB 103,000.00
Equipment and real estate	RUB 300,000.00
Depreciation deductions	RUB 60,000.00
Equipment and real estate (net)	RUB 240,000.00
Intangible assets	RUB 8,556,094.00
Other assets	RUB 30,000.00
Total assets	8586094

7.1. Profit and loss forecast

It is expected that the company's profits will grow steadily due to the expansion of the number of clients and the opening of new establishments in addition to the existing one.

In the next three years, revenues should triple. This is what a business plan for a small enterprise looks like in general.

A properly drawn up plan is the basis for the success of any company.

In addition, this important document is necessary in order to attract investors. All persons interested in investing money in a small business will see the full picture after familiarizing themselves with it. Such a plan is necessary in order to show investors the prospects for business development and let them understand what kind of return they can expect from their investments.

Video on the topic

Let's give a simple example of a business plan. It should be borne in mind that this is only one of the possible options, and presented in a very compressed form.

Target: Produce confectionery products, mainly cakes, for city residents. Take a leading position in the upper price segment of this market.

Tasks:
1. Create a compact confectionery shop.
2. Provide the production process with the necessary raw materials and labor, some of which will be hired.
3. Initially occupy 30% of the market segment through the implementation of a developed marketing strategy, which involves squeezing out the main competitors with dumping prices and new recipes for the consumer.
4. Raise the missing investment funds from the bank using available real estate as collateral.

An example of drawing up a business plan for an enterprise

Let's look at an example of a manufacturing business plan. It is planned to open a small tailoring shop. Let's consider how promising this business is in a specific market.

1. Summary. Opening of small production on January 1, 2014. Form of ownership – LLC. The planned period is 42 months.

2. General provisions. Purchasing equipment that will allow you to use a variety of fabrics and perform different finishes. It is planned to partially raise borrowed funds for the purchase of equipment and rental of premises. The tailoring service will be provided to the population, as well as to legal entities in need of special clothing, as well as sewing curtains and bedding for subsequent sale.

3. Market analysis and marketing plan. Currently there are 350 enterprises represented on the market. Through strict adherence to deadlines and quality, it is planned to create a positive image of the company, which will allow it to occupy a niche in the market.

4. Costs. Estimated direct and variable costs, including wages and premises rental, for 3 years will amount to 13.5 million rubles. Of these, 50 million rubles are own funds. The planned sales volume will be 15 million rubles, which, minus tax deductions, will allow the project to reach payback by the end of the third year.

5. Production schedule. Release of 1000 units of goods.

6. Investments. Attracting partners on the terms of joint business.

Brief example of a business plan

If you are about to open a shoe repair shop, then in the most general form, developing a business plan using an example looks like this:

• – Fixed costs (equipment) – 300 thousand rubles.
• – Variable costs (threads, glue, rent) - 10 thousand rubles.
• – Investment required – 100 thousand rubles in the form of a bank loan at 23% per annum for 10 years with a progressive scale and deferred repayment for 1 year.
• – Form of ownership – individual entrepreneur
• – Tax deductions 24 thousand rubles.
• – Planned revenue – 20 thousand rubles per month.
• – Revenue for 1 year – 97 thousand rubles.
• – Financial result – 73 thousand rubles.

As a result, the entrepreneur has reasons to invest money in this project. The margin of safety is large enough so that possible deviations from the predicted values ​​do not lead to financial collapse.

Example of a business plan with calculations

Opening a small store selling used children's items also requires a preliminary assessment. Enterprise business plan example:

The assessment of goods purchased from the population will be based on the cost of 1 kg.
To begin with, you will need to create an assortment of 100 units.
The cost of 1 kg is 400 conventional units. One product weighs on average 1 kg. Thus, the cost of the product will be 100 * 100 = 40,000 USD. The cost of replenishing working capital will be 100 units, which equals 10,000 USD. per month
The rent of the premises will be 10,000 USD.
Variable costs, including advertising and unforeseen expenses - 10 USD.

Sales volume in the first 6 months will be 130 products per month;
in subsequent years - 280 products per month.
The average unit price will be 250 USD.
Revenue for 1 year = 130 * 250 * 12 + 280 * 250 * 12 = (10,000 * 12,000 + 40,000 + 10,000 * 12 + 10,000 * 12,000) = 420,195 – 361,240 = 58,955.
The tax will be 25,000 USD.
Financial result – 33,955 USD

At first glance, the business seems attractive, given the low input costs and quick payback, but after performing a simple calculation, the entrepreneur will come to the conclusion that the profitability is very low and, although the risk is small (the product is in stable demand), it is unprofitable to engage in this business without achieving scale .

View an example of a business plan

Schematically planning, for example, growing vegetables looks like this:

1. Summary. A summary of the remaining pages is shown here.
2. Marketing part. Who will be the buyer and how will it be possible to conquer the market? Settlement part – 5 tons of carrots for 100,000 USD
3. Costs. Rent of land and equipment – ​​27,000 USD
Payment for hired labor – 30,000 USD.
4. Revenue– 23 USD
5. Sources of financing. Bank loan for 50,000 USD at 18% per annum for 10 years.
6. Financial result– 9 USD

This activity, if the pessimistic scenario is fulfilled, will not generate income at all in the first year. In addition, the entrepreneur will be able to work fully and invest in development only after repaying the entire loan amount.

Download ready-made examples of business plans

On this resource you can download examples of business plans for free. Downloading the file makes it possible to get acquainted with more detailed calculation options, which will allow you not only to understand the essence, but also to make, by analogy, your own calculation to justify the feasibility of investing funds.

If you have no experience at all, it is not at all necessary to order development from a specialized company. It is enough to get acquainted with an example of planning for a similar activity, where you can study in detail the features of market analysis and calculation of production costs for a particular business.

To download, click on the link:

Be sure to watch the video: “What is a business plan?”

Not a single entrepreneurial project is complete without a business plan. This document is a detailed instruction for opening a commercial business, which describes step by step the tasks that need to be solved to achieve the final goal (that is, obtaining maximum profit), as well as the methods and means that the entrepreneur is going to use. Without a business plan, it is impossible to receive investment in a commercial project or apply to a bank for a loan for business development. However, even if an entrepreneur does not plan to attract third-party funds, he still needs a business plan - for himself.

Why is this document needed, and what is its exceptional importance? A well-written business plan, which contains verified information and verified figures, is the foundation of a commercial project. It will allow you to analyze in advance the state of the market and the severity of competition, predict possible risks and develop ways to minimize them, estimate the size of the required start-up capital and the total amount of investment, as well as the expected profit - in short, find out whether it is advisable to take a financial risk and invest money in this idea .

"Business idea"

The basis of any project is a business idea - that is, for the sake of which, in fact, everything was conceived. An idea is a service or product that will bring profit to the entrepreneur. The success of a project is almost always determined by the right choice of idea.

• Which idea is successful?

The success of an idea is its potential profitability. So, at any time there are directions that are initially favorable for making a profit. For example, some time ago it was fashionable to import yoghurts into the Russian Federation - this product instantly gained popularity among the population, and in proportion to this popularity, the number of companies involved in import grew. Only a completely unlucky and incompetent entrepreneur could fail a project in this area and make the business unprofitable. Now, the idea of ​​selling yoghurts with a high degree of probability will not be successful: the market is already oversaturated with domestically produced products, imported goods are unlikely to be favorably accepted by consumers due to the high price and customs difficulties, moreover, the main players in this segment have already established themselves in the market and established supply and sales channels.

Most entrepreneurs, when choosing an idea for making a profit, think in the categories of the majority - they say, if this business brings income to my friend, then I can also improve my business. However, the more “role models” there are, the greater the level of competition and the less opportunity to dictate their prices. In a mass business, approximate prices have already been established, and a newcomer, in order to increase its competitiveness, has to set prices below market prices in order to attract customers - which, of course, does not contribute to making a big profit.

Potentially highly profitable ideas now are those proposals that help an entrepreneur occupy a free market niche - that is, offer something that other businessmen have not yet thought of. To find an original business idea, sometimes all you need to do is look around and think about what consumers are missing in a certain area. Thus, a successful idea was the production of mops that allow you to wring out a rag without getting your hands wet, or special lamps that cannot be dismantled without the use of special tools - this know-how has significantly reduced the number of thefts of light bulbs in hallways.

Often, you don’t even need to generate original ideas yourself - you can use new products that have been successfully implemented in other countries or cities, but have not yet occupied the corresponding market niche in your region. By following this path, you will become the first to offer this know-how to consumers in your region or country, and, therefore, you will be able to set prices for this product (service).

However, originality alone is not enough for a successful business idea. There are two objective prerequisites for a business to be successful:

1. - a potential buyer needs your product or at least understands its usefulness (for example, a person may not yet know about a certain medicine, but he realizes that something similar can cure his illness);
2. - the buyer is ready to pay for your product or service) exactly the price that you plan to ask (for example, almost everyone wants to buy a car - however, as we know, not everyone can afford a car).

And one more note regarding innovative business ideas - excessive originality can only harm profits, since the potential audience may simply not be ready for your proposal (most consumers are conservative by nature and have difficulty changing their habits). The least risky option is to stick to the golden mean - that is, to bring already familiar goods or services to the market, but in an improved form.

• How to determine if a given business idea is right for you?

Even a potentially successful business idea may not turn out to be successful in practice if it is not suitable for a particular entrepreneur. So, opening a beauty salon is relatively easy - but if you do not understand the intricacies of the salon business, then your brainchild is unlikely to bring you good profits. A business idea must be supported by the entrepreneur’s experience, knowledge and, of course, capabilities. What indicators indicate that your project will be within your capabilities?

1. - Professionalism. You can have a specialized education in your chosen field, or you can just as easily be a passionate self-taught person. The main thing is that you have an understanding of the production process and other necessary knowledge in the chosen field.
2. - Passion. You must like what you are going to do and offer. Moreover, you should like not only the final product, but also the process itself, because you won’t be able to give all your strength to a job you don’t like, which means it will be difficult to bring it to a good level. Remember the famous proverb: “find a job you love and you will never have to work a day in your life.”
3. - Personal characteristics. If you are a closed and uncommunicative person and feel uncomfortable in the company of other people, then it will be difficult for you to negotiate. And if you, for example, are a convinced vegetarian, then there is no point in considering selling semi-finished meat products - even if this business can bring good profits, you will still feel uncomfortable doing it.
4. - What you have (land, real estate, equipment, etc.). Starting any kind of production will be much less expensive if you already have the appropriate equipment. And if you inherited, say, a private house not far from the road, then this is a good opportunity to make a profit from roadside trading, because your competitors, if they are found, do not have such a good location, and this advantage can overcome even your inexperience.

Competition: how to become special:

As mentioned above, to apply your entrepreneurial efforts, it is most advisable to choose those areas where competition is frivolous or absent altogether. However, in most cases, entrepreneurs one way or another have to face competitors, and businessmen are faced with the question - how to stand out from them? This can be done due to the following advantages:

Competitive advantages

When introducing yourself to potential consumers, try to immediately draw their attention to the advantages that distinguish your offer from similar ones, so that buyers see that you can satisfy their needs in the best way. Don’t be shy to highlight your merits and don’t rely on consumers’ ingenuity - they are unlikely to guess why your product (service) differs from the product (service) of your competitors for the better. For example, if the recipe for the bread you bake involves enriching the product with vitamins and other useful substances, then be sure to convey this fact to your future customers. You should not position your bread simply as a tasty and fresh product, because your competitors have exactly the same product - it is unlikely that anyone will sell tasteless and expired goods. But vitamins are your competitive advantage, and the buyer must definitely find out about it, so advertising needs to be thought out accordingly.

So, we have examined some of the nuances of preliminary preparation for writing a business plan, and now we can closely pay attention to this particular document and its main sections.

1. Title page.

The title page is the “face” of your business plan. This is what your potential investors or bank employees see first when deciding whether to issue you a loan for business development. Therefore, it should be clearly structured and contain all the key information about your project:

1. - Project name (for example, “Production of self-squeezing mops” or “Creation and development of a commercial Internet radio station called “XXX”);
2. - The organizational and legal form of the project and the name of the legal entity (if there are several such entities, then a list indicating areas of responsibility is required);
3. - Author and co-authors of the project
4. - Abstract to the project (for example, “this document is a step-by-step plan for the founding and development of a commercial radio station...”);
5. - Project cost (required starting capital)
6. - Place and year of creation (“Perm, 2016”).

2.Resume.

This paragraph is a brief description of the project idea, the timing of its implementation, the main goals and objectives for the implementation of the idea, the expected turnover and production volumes. forecast of key indicators - project profitability, payback period, initial investment, sales volume, net profit, etc.

Despite the fact that the summary is the first section of the business plan, it is compiled after this document has already been completely written and double-checked, since the brief description covers all other sections of the business plan. The summary should be concise and extremely logical and fully disclose all the advantages of the project, so that investors or a potential lender see that this business idea is really worth investing in it.

3.Market analytics

The section reflects the state of the market sector in which the project will be implemented, an assessment of the level of competition, characteristics of the target audience and industry development trends. It is very important that the market analysis is carried out on the basis of high-quality marketing research containing real indicators (falsified or inaccurate analysis reduces the value of the business plan to almost zero). If an entrepreneur is not competent enough in the chosen field, then in order to avoid inaccuracies and errors, he should outsource marketing research by ordering it from a trusted marketing agency.

This section usually takes up at least 10% of the total volume of the business plan. His approximate plan is as follows:

1. - General description of the selected industry (dynamics, trends and development prospects - with specific mathematical indicators);
2. - Characteristics of the main market players (that is, direct and indirect competitors), an indication of the competitive advantages and features of your business project compared to other entities;
3. - Characteristics of the target audience (geographical location, age level, gender, income level, type of consumer and user behavior, etc.). Creating a portrait of a “typical client” indicating the main motives and values ​​that guide him when choosing a product (service), pessimistic forecasting (that is, the minimum flow) of consumers of the product (service);
4. - Review of the most effective channels and ways to promote goods (services);
5. - Review and identification of the most likely risks that an entrepreneur may encounter in this market segment and suggesting ways to eliminate or minimize them (it must be remembered that risks are external circumstances and factors that do not depend on the entrepreneur);
6. - Forecast of possible changes in this market segment, as well as an overview of factors that may affect the profitability of the project.

4. Characteristics of goods (services) and their sales

This paragraph describes in detail the goods that the entrepreneur is going to produce, or the services that he is going to sell. Particular attention should be paid to the competitive advantages of a business idea, that is, what will distinguish this proposal from the general variety. However, you should not remain silent about the shortcomings and weaknesses of the idea, if any - it is better to play fair with investors and creditors, besides, they can analyze this point on their own, and in the case of a one-sided description, you risk losing their trust, and with it - and hope for financial investment in your idea.

The presence of a patent will make the idea described especially attractive - if an entrepreneur offers some kind of know-how and has already managed to patent it, then this fact must be reflected in the document. A patent is both a competitive advantage and a basis for a greater likelihood of obtaining loans or investments.

The chapter must include:

1. - brief description of the idea;
2. - ways of its implementation;
3. - description of the life cycle of the product (service);
4. - percentage of secondary purchases;
5. - the possibility of creating additional product lines or service options, the possibility of segmenting the offered product;
6. - expected modification of supply in accordance with changes in the market situation and factors affecting profit.

5. Ways to promote business (marketing and strategic plans)

In this chapter, the entrepreneur describes exactly how he is going to inform potential consumers about his product and how he will promote this product. Shown here:

6.Description of the production process

A production plan is a detailed description of the complete algorithm for producing a product from its being in its raw material state to the moment when the finished product appears on store shelves. This plan includes:

1. - a description of the necessary raw materials and the basic requirements for them, as well as the suppliers from whom you plan to purchase these raw materials;
2. - reception, processing and pre-production preparation of raw materials;
3. - the technological process itself;
4. - yield of the finished product;
5. - the procedure for testing the finished product, its packaging and transfer to the warehouse and subsequent delivery to the buyer.

In addition to the actual description of the production process, this chapter should also reflect:

1. - characteristics of the equipment used, as well as the premises where the production process will be carried out - indicating all the necessary standards and requirements;
2. - list of main partners;
3. - the need to attract resources and borrowed funds;
4. - calendar plan for business development - from the launch of production until the time when the funds invested in the project begin to pay off.

7. Enterprise structure. Personnel and management.

This chapter describes the internal scheme of the functioning of a business project, that is, the administrative and organizational plan. The chapter can be divided into the following subsections:

1. - organizational and legal form of the enterprise (LLC, individual entrepreneur, etc.);
2. - internal structure of the enterprise, distribution of responsibilities between services, channels of their interaction (it would be best if this sub-item is further illustrated by appropriate diagrams);
3. - staffing table, list of responsibilities of each employee, his salary, channels and criteria by which personnel will be recruited;
4. - list of activities on the personnel policy (training, training, personnel reserve, etc.)
5. - participation in business development events (competitions, conferences, fairs, grants, government programs, etc.).

8.Risk assessment. Ways to minimize risks.

The purpose of this paragraph is a preliminary assessment of possible negative circumstances that will affect the achievement of the desired indicators (business income, customer flow, etc.) - the basis for this assessment is again marketing market research. Risks are divided into external (for example, tougher competition and the emergence of new strong players in this segment, increased rental rates and utility bills, natural disasters and emergencies, changes in tax legislation towards increasing rates, etc.) and internal (that , what can happen directly inside the enterprise - equipment breakdowns, unscrupulous employees, etc.).

If an entrepreneur has information in advance about what exactly he should be wary of in the implementation and promotion of his project, then he can think in advance about the ways in which he will neutralize and minimize negative factors. For each risk, a number of alternative strategies should be proposed (a kind of table of emergency measures). You should not hide certain risks from investors or creditors.

Special attention should be paid to such a form of protection as insurance against various risks. If an entrepreneur plans to insure his business, then this must be mentioned - indicating the selected insurance company, the amount of insurance premiums and other details related to the matter.

9.Forecasting financial flows

Perhaps the most important chapter of a business plan. Because of its importance, it should be written by professionals if the entrepreneur himself does not have a financial and economic education. Thus, many startupers who have creative ideas, but do not have sufficient financial literacy, in this case resort to the services of investment companies, which later put their certification visa on the business plan - this is a kind of guarantee of reliability of calculations and will give the business plan additional weight in the eyes of investors and creditors.

The financial plan of any business project includes:

1. - balance sheet of the enterprise;
2. - calculation of expenses (employee payroll, production expenses, etc.);
3. - profit and loss statement, as well as cash flow statement;
4. - the amount of required external investment;
5. - calculation of profit and profitability.

The profitability of a project is a key indicator that has a decisive influence on investors’ decisions regarding investing in a given business. Calculations on this topic cover the period from the entry of start-up capital and third-party investments into the project until the moment when the project can be considered break-even and begins to generate net profit.

When calculating profitability, the basic formula R = D * Zconst / (D - Z) is usually used, where R is the profitability threshold in monetary terms, D is income, Z is variable costs, and Zconst is fixed costs. However, for long-term calculations, you should also include in the calculation formula such indicators as the inflation rate, renovation costs, contributions to the investment fund, increasing wages of enterprise employees, etc. As a visualization method, it is again advisable to use a Gantt chart, which is convenient for tracking the level of growing income and reaching the break-even point.

10.Regulatory framework

All documents that are necessary for legal support of a business are indicated here - certificates and licenses for goods, permission for certain types of activities, acts, permits, etc. – with a description of the conditions and terms of their receipt, as well as the cost. If the entrepreneur already has any documents in his hands, this must be indicated, and this fact will also become an advantage in the eyes of investors.

11.Applications

At the end of the business plan, the entrepreneur provides all calculations, diagrams, graphs and other supporting materials that were used to draw up financial forecasts, market analysis, etc., as well as all materials that visualize the points of the business plan and facilitate its perception.

“The main mistakes when drawing up a business plan”

At the end of the article, I would like to say a few words about the most common mistakes that inexperienced entrepreneurs make when drawing up business plans. So, what should you avoid if you don't want to scare potential investors away from your project?

Excessive bloating and bulk. A business plan is not like homework, where large writing increases the chances of a good grade. The approximate volume of a business plan is usually 70-100 sheets.

Difficulties of presentation. If an investor reading your plan cannot understand your idea after reading two or three sheets, then there is a high probability that he will put the BP aside.

Lack of necessary explanations. Remember that an investor is not required to understand the area of ​​the market in which you are offering him to invest money (and in most cases, he really does not understand it, otherwise he would have already launched an independent business). Therefore, you need to succinctly introduce the reader to the main details.

Streamlined phrases-characteristics (“huge market”, “great prospects”, etc.). Remember: only accurate and verified information and forecasts.

Providing approximate, unverified or deliberately false financial information. We have already focused on this topic above, so no comments.

Hello, dear readers of the online magazine about money “RichPro.ru”! This article will talk about how to write a business plan. This publication is a direct instruction to action that will allow you to turn a raw business idea into a confident step-by-step plan for implementing a clear task.

We'll consider:

• What is a business plan and why is it needed?
• How to write a business plan correctly;
• How to structure it and write it yourself;
• Ready-made business plans for small businesses - examples and samples with calculations.

To conclude the topic, we will show the main mistakes of novice entrepreneurs. There will be a lot of arguments in favor of creating quality And thoughtful business plan that will bring your idea to fruition and success things in the future.

Also, this article will provide examples of finished works that you can simply use or take as a basis for developing your project. Ready-made examples of submitted business plans can be found download for free.

In addition, we will answer the most frequently asked questions and clarify why not everyone writes a business plan, if it is so necessary.

So, let's start in order!

The structure of a business plan and the content of its main sections - a step-by-step guide to its preparation

7. Conclusion + video on the topic 🎥

For every entrepreneur who wants to develop himself and develop his business, a business plan is very important. He performs many important functions that no other person can do differently.

With its help, you can secure financial support and open and develop your business much earlier than you can raise a significant amount for the business.

Investors react mostly positively to a good, thoughtful, error-free business plan, because they see it as a way to make easy money with all the troubles invented and described.

In addition, even before the establishment opens, you see what awaits you. What risks are possible, what solution algorithms will be relevant in a given situation. This is not only favorable information for the investor, but also a necessary plan if you get into trouble yourself. In the end, if the risk calculation turns out to be too daunting, you can slightly redo it, transform the general idea in order to reduce them.

Creating a Good Business Plan is an excellent solution for searching for investment and developing your own action algorithms even in the most difficult situations, of which there are more than enough in business.

That is why, in addition to our own efforts It’s worth using “other people’s brains”. A business plan involves many sections and calculations, research and knowledge, only with successful operation, which can achieve success.

The ideal option would be to study all aspects yourself. To do this, it is not enough to sit and read the relevant literature. It is worth changing your social circle, turning to courses and trainings, finding specialists for consultation on certain issues. This is the only way really figure it out in the situation and dispel all your doubts and misconceptions.

A business plan is worth writing for many reasons, but home- this is a clear algorithm of actions by which you can quickly get from point A(your current situation, full of hopes and fears) to point B(in which you will already be the owner of your own successful business that generates stable and regular income). This is the first step towards achieving your dreams and secure middle class status.

If you have any questions, you may find answers to them in the video: “How to draw up a business plan (for yourself and investors).”

That's all for us. We wish everyone good luck in their business! We will also be grateful for your comments on this article, share your opinions, ask questions on the topic of publication.