What is an optical network Rostelecom. Fiber optic Internet from Rostelecom

Many Internet users use fiber-optic wire for connecting to the Internet, however, almost no one knows what is like fiber, what does it represent and how does the information transmit?

Optical fiber - This is the world's fastest way to transfer data over the Internet. The optical cable has a special structure: it consists of small thin wiring, which fell apart from each other with a special coating. Each posting transmits light, and the light in turn transmits data over the network. Such a cable can simultaneously transmit Internet connection data, a stationary phone and television. Therefore, in fiber optic networks, users often combine all three provider services and connect the phone, TV, router and computer to the same fiber optic cable.

The fiber optic connection is also called fibroid bond. It allows you to transmit information using a laser rays, and the data with ease are transmitted hundreds of miles. Cable components, small fibers, have a very small diameter - thousands of inches. Optical rays inside such fibers carry data that pass through the silicon core of each fiber.

With the help of optical fiber, you can adjust the compounds of not only a large city, but also large countries, as well as continents. The Internet connection between the main students of the Earth is carried out thanks to a huge fiber-optic cable laid along the bottom of the Ocean.

Fiber optic Internet

The cable allows you to set up a high-speed Internet connection that is necessary in the contemporary world. Fiber optic wire is the best way to transfer and receive network data.

Main advantages:

Optical fiber is a durable material that has a very high level of bandwidth. It is this characteristic that is responsible for the high data transfer rate;
Secure data transfer - the use of fiber allows the software to instantly identify the fact of unauthorized access to network data. The access of attackers to information is practically impossible;
Wholesalers also features an excellent level of protection against interference and good noise reduction;
In contrast to the coaxial cable, thanks to a special structure (Figure 2), fiber has several times a large data transfer rate, especially audio and video files;
Connecting the optical fiber allows you to organize a system for a number of additional options, for example, to install a video surveillance system or security devices.

The main advantage of a fiber cable is capable of providing a connection of two objects that are located at a high distance from each other. This happens due to the fact that the cable has no restrictions on the length of the channels.

How to connect the Internet through optical fiber?

The most popular Internet in Russia, the network of which is organized by optical fiber, provides a company Rostelecom. Consider more, how to connect the Internet and configure it work yourself.

First of all, make sure that the fiber is connected to your home. Next, order the service connection to the network. Rostelecom must inform you the data that will ensure the connection. Now you need to configure the equipment.

Follow the instructions:

After the company's employees Rostelecom conducted an optical fiber and connected the basic work equipment to work in passive optical networks (PON), it is necessary to carry out the entire further setting;

Remember! It is best to carry out the fiber-optic cable close to the outlet to which the power supply (multiplexer) of the ONT terminal will be connected.

Next, you need to install a socket and a yellow cable, as shown in the figure below;

Wi-Fi router can be kept, buying a Rostelecom router is optional. The WiFi connects the optical terminal, fiber optic cable and the main cord with which the router is connected to the optical outlet. A detailed router connection scheme in the fiber optic network is demonstrated in the figure;
Choose such a place to install all components that has access to a large amount of air and is well ventilated. Please tell the installer where to install network components;

The terminal has a special jack, which is connected to a computer and in order to connect the router with the Internet. The terminal is also equipped with additional two jacks for connecting analog home phone and a few more nests are needed to connect television from Rostelecom.

After connecting all components, check the Internet connections on your computer:

Go to the command prompt on behalf of the administrator. To do this, right-click the manipulator on the Windows icon, select the desired item;

Enter the NetStat -E -s command alternately, then Ping Host, then TRACERT HOST and finally the Pathping Host command. In this case, Host is the address of any site. Thus, the Internet connection is checked;
Now it is necessary to check the connection speed. You can make it using any popular service, for example, Speedtest.

Thematic videos:

High-speed Internet, digital television, mobile communication is possible due to thin glass threads stretching through the seabed between continents. If it were not for fiber, you would hardly read these lines.

The fundamentals of this technology are described in the middleXIX. century. Then the role of the signal tried to use water - unsuccessfully. Materials suitable for the implementation of a bold idea were developed only after a hundred more years.

Explorer for light

In the usual wire, the signal is transmitted over copper core. The information transfers the electron flow is an electric current. Data is transmitted encrypted in binary code. If the impulse passes - this means a unit, it does not pass - zero.

In the fiber optic communication line, the coding principle is the same, but the information is transferred to photons or light waves, more precisely, both at the same time. Scientists argued so long about the nature of light, which eventually united incompatible theories. But it is not necessary to understand quantum wave dualism to figure out how light is used to transfer information in telecommunication networks.

It is enough to understand how to make the light flow through the wires throughout kilometers.

The first thing that comes to the head is mirrors. Make a metal tube and cover from the inside a smooth layer, for example, from silver.

The light, hitting the inside on one side, will be reflected from the walls until it reaches the exit on the other side. A good idea, but it will not work.

First, the manufacture of such a tube of the desired length is extremely complicated, and therefore expensive task.

Secondly, the reflection coefficient of silver is 99%, that is, the light that fell into the tube will lose energy and already through 100 reflections will completely go out.

It is much better to do without mirrors. How to do this, will prompt the basics of geometric optics laid in the XIX century.

The basic idea is easy to demonstrate on the example of aquarium. The beam of light from the source under water passes through the boundary of water and air - two media with different optical properties - and partially changes the direction of movement, and partially reflects from the border of two media from the mirror.

If the angle of falling the beam is reduced, at a certain point, light will cease to leave the water at all and will be fully reflected 100%. The border of two environments works better than any mirror.

As it turned out to create such a border, the water is not needed. Any two material is suitable, in different ways transmitting lights - having different refractive facilitation. Even a difference in 1% enough to create a fiber.

Glass wires

In the lamps and toys, the fibers are made from plastics, but to get suitable for communication fiber, more expensive and more transparent materials are needed.

Scientists have adapted for this purpose quartz glass. The core of the workpiece for fiber is most often made from pure silicon dioxide. The outer layer is also created from quartz, but with an admixture of boron or Germany to reduce the refractive index.

Previously, to get such a workpiece, just inserted two glass tubes in each other, but today they do otherwise. Hollow tubes made of pure quartz are filled with a high-powder mixture with a high content of Germany and slowly heated until Germany comprises a uniform layer on the inner surface.

After a fairly thick layer of germanium oxide, the pipe is raised to the quartz glass, the pipe is heated until softening and pulled out until the cavity is collapsed.

This is so obtained by a rod with a diameter of 1 to 10 centimeters and a length of approximately 1 meter, which already contains quartz in the core with the addition of Germany, which has an increased refractive index and a shell of pure quartz around.

Such a blank is delivered to the top of the tower up to several tens of meters. There, the lower part of the workpiece is again heated to one and a half thousand degrees - almost to the melting point, and stretch out the finest thread out of it. On the way down the glass cools and dip in the bath with a polymer, which forms a protective layer on the surface of quartz. Thus, from one billet, up to 100 km of fiberglass is obtained. At the base of the tower, the cooled fiber is wound on the bobbin.

Yes, it is wound: oddly enough that the quartz fiber is easily bent.

The resulting fibers are collected in bundles of several pieces and are sealed in polyethylene. Then from these beams are woven cables.

In each cable can be from two or three to several hundred light guides. Outside, they are tested for strength to the polymer thread and get another protective shell of polyethylene.

Advantages and disadvantages of fiber

All these difficulties are justified because the light is the fastest thing that is in the universe.

Due to this property, the light fiber has an unsurpassed information container. Twisted pair, similar to a telephone line, or a coaxial cable, a screen conductor, passes 100 megabits per second.

The most common eight-tier cable from 4 twisted steam passes up to 1000 megabits per second. Fiber optician on one core - three times more, up to 3000 megabits per second, and this threshold can be overcome using various experimental tricks.

In addition, fiber optic is much easier than copper. With a thickness of 9 microns - thinner of the human hair - a thread of quartz 100 km long weighs about 15 g.

Almost all modern trunk data lines are laid from fiber optic cables. They associate continents, countries and data centers.

In major cities, "Optics" uses and when connecting apartment buildings to the global network, but the fiber is paved between the provider and the house, and the ordinary twisted pair is divorced by apartments.

With this connection scheme, the maximum speed of network access for the subscriber still does not exceed 100 Mbps. For comparison, spending an optical cable directly to the apartment, you can get a channel in 1 Gbit / s, and yet the consumer rarely faces fiber-optic internet.

It is not only that fiber optic is expensive in production. Pave the cable is only the beginning. Signals running through the link, accumulate errors with the distance and will eventually fade at all. In twisted pair, this occurs after 1 km, in a coaxial cable approximately 5 km. After the signal you have to restore and amplify - regenerate.

The fiber optic regeneration distance is different, but, no matter how clean the quartz glass, it remains impurities, for example, millions of water percent.

The length of the fiber can be hundreds of thousands of kilometers, but after 100-200 km the attenuation of the optical signal is still manifested.

Therefore, intermediate amplifiers are installed on the fiber optic communication lines, which restore the amplitude of the optical signal, and regenerators removing interference. Such equipment is much more expensive than amplifiers on traditional communication lines, and requires qualified maintenance.

But the main thing is, at the moment, gigabit communication channels are small in demand by ordinary people. It is possible, with the advent of smart houses, wearable computers, the spread of the cutting video in ultra-high resolution The need for them will increase, but so far the speed provided by a twisted pair, the average consumer is quite enough.

Not even contacting this technology directly, each of us enjoys its advantages. Connection stability, low signaling delay to the most remote servers and high speed of receiving a response from them, the ability to make money in any ATM and make a call to any country in the world - all this is the merit of fiber, and he does not have competitors and in the project.

It is difficult to imagine the life of a modern person without the Internet, and over the years, consumers of telecommunications services want to have a better high-speed connection. How to offer the population to truly high-quality Internet, capable of satisfying even the most demanding customers, thought first in the West. While in Russia, many were still vaguely represented what the "World Wire Weight" is, in England already spoke about the gigabit technology "PON", or optical passive networks. In the Russian Federation engaged in the introduction of GPON Rostelecom, the first to connect three services on this innovation technology - the Internet, interactive television and telephone.

Coming with neighbors and acquaintances, appreciated the quality of GPON technology from Rostelecom, many do not even imagine what will have to deal with. Therefore, we will briefly tell me what kind of technology, and what advantages she has. First of all, we note that this technology is passive, and in this case it means that there is no additional active equipment on the way of the optical line of the Internet from the service provider of services to the client.

Of course, it is impossible to say that there is no obstacle at all, since the straight laying of the expensive cable is very expensive, just in some places it is divided. To do this, use a special device - splitter, or an optical divider dividing fiber-fiber Rostelecom into several lines. The question remains unclear how such a long-awaited Internet will fall to the final consumer, and what equipment for this is used.

Equipment for optical fiber

To convert the signal to us, an Ethernet interface use another unique device - ONT, or an optical terminal. The devices of this type are presented in a wide range, and this can be like a standard device with two Ethernet ports and one PON port and a full-fledged GPON Rostelecom router having a number of advantages:

four gigabit Ethernet ports;

Important! Zero and the first port are used exclusively for connecting high-speed Internet, and ports 3 and 4 are used to arrange IP television.

there are two connectors for IP telephony;
it is possible to connect interactive IPTV;
the distribution of the GPON signal from Rostelecom is made via Wi-Fi (standard 802.11n with a bandwidth up to 300 megabits per second).

Users of "World Wire Web" with a speed of 100 Mbps no longer surprise. With the use of GPON equipment, Rostelecom Internet ability will soon be limited to gigabytes of information obtained per second. Maintain such high speeds, and especially if we are talking about large distance transmission distances, only an optical cable can only. Moreover, the optics Rostelecom in the apartment falls not through the copper cable, as in the case of the FTTH bandwidth, and by dividing the signal using a special optical separator. After installing the modem, however, you will encounter the problem of its setting. This is not difficult to do, using our advice.

Setting up modem

The equipment used by the provider of telecommunication services is represented in a wide variety, but the first thing you have to face to organize a qualitative connection of fiber and Rostelecom, this is a modem selection. Specialists assure that one of the advantages of GPON technology is its versatility, and the devices of any manufacturer of equipment of this series will work correctly in the fiber optic system. Thus, the need to use rare expensive equipment, which makes it possible to significantly reduce Internet costs. Configuring a router for GPON from Rostelecom can do any, observing a certain sequence of actions.

As a rule, the equipment setting does not require special knowledge. At the same time, even you do not have to configure the main functions of the router, as this provider has already made for you, but in case you bought equipment in the Rostelecom office. If the router is bought independently, you will have to search on the Internet detailed instructions for setting up the device, since the procedure is different depending on the manufacturer and model. You can check the modem settings in the web configuration, and for ONT-RTK G PON ON RFT620, most often used by RTK, it looks like this:

in the address bar, you must enter the address 192.168.1.254;
in the window that opens, your data is entered: username and password;
as for the settings of the network, you can only get acquainted with them, and you should not change the standard settings from the provider;
next include the Wi-Fi module to the network;
change security settings;
install static or dynamic IP addresses.

Difficulties may occur if you are using some models of routers with the possibility of Wi-Fi distribution, for which you will have to configure the configuration of the wireless network. To configure the PPPoE connection, you will be offered to enter a login and password provided when concluding an agreement for the supply of services. Usually it does not leave much time and everything happens without any problems, but in some cases without the intervention of the support service can not do.

Advantages of technology and possible speeds

The fact that the fiber-optic Internet provider Rostelecom has simply "outstanding" speed indicators, do not even have to speak - it is difficult to believe in it, but 1 Gbit / second is far from the limit. As for the other advantages of "optics", the following deserves special attention:

Mount the fiber optic lines is much simpler, which has already been rated the installers - unlike old cables, fiber optic in the apartment is not the thickness of the ballpoint rod, and the cable is attached by self-adhesive clips, which do not spoil the appearance of the room and are easily removed, if necessary.

Remember! Despite elasticity and strength, specialists are not recommended to make a bend at an angle of 90 °, and this can be found to the disadvantages of the system. In the corners allowed bending with a radius of 25-50 millimeters.

The fiber optic cable has a high degree of electrical safety, there is a risk of suffering from laser radiation, but this can be avoided without looking into the optical socket connector.
The GPON modem from Rostelecom is also a good energy savings, as a device feeds from a 12-volt element, and the cost of light is about 30 rubles. per month.
Universality, as you can now enjoy high-quality digital optical-fiber TV, use the Internet and telephone Rostelecom, and at the same time the apartment will not be cluttered with numerous cables and sockets.

Unfortunately, there are no eternal equipment and impeccable technologies, no one is insured and from problems with fiber-optic lines. The first thing you should pay attention to if the signal disappears - connect the terminal. Try connecting the cable directly, and if the power is missing, you need to refer to the specialists. You can learn about the causes of disconnection and how to solve any problem you can in the technical service. To facilitate the solution of many technical issues and to obtain timely information support, Rostelecom specialists offer to make a personal account on the service provider website. It is possible to see the availability of funds on the account, change the tariff and pay for services.

Tariffs on the Internet GPON

For each region, prices are different!

For many users, the question of the value of telecommunication services is far from idle, and in this regard, the tariffs for fiber optic from Rostelecom can be called "democratic", given the range of services offered. The user, by the way, can choose the service: domestic Internet, television, stationary or mobile phone, rental terminal, and you can order a separate service, and you can combine packages. From the range of proposals, in fact, tariffs depend, but, according to user reviews, they are available today. It is also worth remembering that prices for each region may differ, and on the official website of the RTC you can always get acquainted with shares and profitable offers.

High speed of the Internet is best provided with optical communication lines. Now this technology came almost every apartment. The question of how to connect an optical cable is not only interested in specialists, but also ordinary users. We will try to reveal the topic more.

We will consider connecting the PON technology (passive optical networks) as the most modern and currently gaining increasing distribution, displacing ordinary wired lines.

Let's start with the Azov to understand what we have to meet, because the optical communication technology is different from the usual and habitual wires for us, both on the principle of operation and in the installation methods. Of course, this section can be omitted and proceed immediately to solving practical tasks, but still knowing the theory easier to solve many problems arising in practice. We will try not to bother you with complex terms, but to explain everything is simple and popular.

How does the data transfer through fiber

The transmission of the signal through the conventional wires using an electric current is resting in two obstacles that limit the speed limit.

The high frequency signal quickly fades at a high distance.
At high frequency currents, high energy losses through radiation into the environment.
Nearby wires and equipment suggest interference to the signal.

With these negative factors, applying intermediate amplifiers, screens, screwing wires. But everything has a limit. Today, an increase in the speed of information transmission is mainly solved by separating it into parallel streams. For example, USB 3.0 differs from earlier USB 2.0 in that not one, and several pairs of wires are used to transfer data.

It was possible to radically solve the question only with the help of fiber optic cables. The signal is transmitted in them with the help of light, more precisely laser radiation that fades little at long distances. For communication, glass fibers are used, in which, thanks to specially selected properties of the core and the outer layer, the effect of the full reflection of the light beam is manifested.

Also, thanks to a small diameter, they are flexible (with thin flexible glass fibers we meet in such familiar materials like glass gamble and fiberglass).

The system works extremely simple - on one side of the cable, the radiation of the laser is modulated, encoding in it the information that the photodetector decrypts on the other end. One wholesale fiber can be transmitted a variety of streams, in parallel using lasers with different spectrum.

The transmission rate for fiberglass to orders exceeds the possibilities of metal conductors and reaches several terra bits per second.

It has fiber and other advantages:

Absolute protection from external interference, It is impossible to bring an extraneous signal to such a cable.
Due to the absence of metal conductors, such lines may not be damaged by the insulation breakdown from high voltage, so they are also safe for users.
Modern fiber optic cable has a small diameter and takes a lot of space in trays and sewage.
It is impossible to consider information not to be considered information, and without disturbing it with the well-known methods (for example, fixing electromagnetic radiation) is impossible.

Another advantage of optical fiber - it does not represent interest for intruders, since it does not contain non-ferrous metals.

But there are some minuses:

such cables cannot be connected to a regular soldering or twist, you need to weld glass or apply special connecting elements;
fiberglass cables can not be flexing over a small radius;
equipment for reception and transmission is complex, although in exhaust and mass production, as for any electronics, the price of it is constantly decreasing.

How technology PON works

At first glance, to build a subscriber network can be made in two ways:

Conduct from the cable base station to each user. So the standard urban network is valid - from the PBX pair of wires go to each phone.
Conduct multiple lines with a large bandwidth to which active switches are connected - switches that distribute access between subscribers. Thus, the first networks were built using twisted pairs (LAN) and later fiber optic as trunk lines. For example, a fiber optic line was to the house, access to which they were distributed through apartments with the help of twisted pairs connected through switches. Such networks were called FTTB (Fiber to Building) - fiber to the building.

PON technology works for a slightly different principle:

Active equipment is mounted only from the provider and client.
To one fiber can be connected to 128 receivers. The network is based on the principle of wood, where the branches of the processes go from the line, and from them the branches of the second order and so on.
All subscriber devices connected to one fiber get access to a network separation. That is, the information package is immediately transferred to one client, then the second and so in turn. Due to the large bandwidth of the line, this does not in any way reduce the data transfer rate. Also communicates and in the opposite direction, but another laser radiation wavelength is used.

This approach has become possible due to the fact that special devices are used - spliters. They divide the stream of one fiber into several fibers. The loss of radiation, of course, is great, but they are compensated by the use of powerful lasers, today the price of them is not so big.

The advantages of spliters are that they are relatively simple, they do not require connecting to power grids (this is a passive element from here and the name of technology) and maintenance.

These features of PON technology make it possible to develop networks in any conditions. If for older internet distribution methods, in contrast to the city, where to place ordinary switches and servers can no problem on any attic or basement and there are no problems with the power connection, there were big difficulties in the countryside, there are no such problems for PON.

Spliter can be hung on any wall or support of the power line and even place in the well, the devices are not afraid of moisture.

PON Network

To make it more clear how PON technology works, we give a circuit, as such a network is organized.

Slightly explain the scheme:

The Internet Supplier or PBX has OLT (in English - Optical Linear Terminal - an optical linear terminal) from which there is a distribution. Cable lines are connected to it. This is a pretty compact device in the photo below shows a rack that can serve several thousand subscribers.

From each OLT, several cables depart, only one is shown on the diagram, four veins. They are divorced throughout the serviced area in cable sewage, by supports or in another way.

Due to the high power of lasers, the length of the cables can reach up to 60 kilometers, although usually manufacturers guarantee a high-quality signal at a distance of 20 km, but this is quite enough for the middle city.

Sliter hangs on each century (in the scheme it is boxes with the words Spliter), they are branched from them to other splitters, or immediately to customers. The diagram shows the branching into two cables at the top and four below, but the signal can branch up to a larger number of cables, although multi-mode devices are usually applied rarely.

After the first splitter, several more can be installed.
At the end of the line, the subscriber is installed onu (in English Optical Network Unit - an optical network unit) can still be called ONT (in English Optical Network Terminal - Optical Network Terminal) to which you can connect the LAN cable. Sometimes the device is called an optical modem.

In addition to LAN connections, ONU almost always has sockets for the phone, since almost always a PON connection provides for a package of services: Internet, telephone, television.

As can be seen from the scheme, the network can be easily developed without high costs. For example, at the top instead of the first ONU account, install another splitter to which two subscribers can be connected. You can also replace two-channel splitters on four-channel, such as at the bottom of the circuit.

What problems may occur from a regular user PON

Our article as we have already spoken above, is not designed for specialists, they also know how well the fiber optic cable and configure the equipment. When initially connecting to PON, providers also usually assist (though it is more often for a fee, so that by making it all independently can be saved) with the setting of equipment and networks.

As usual is connected

Contact the provider and write a statement, if necessary, make a prepayment.
After some time, several masters for installing networks appear in your entrance. As a rule, this is not the employees of the company's Internet supplier, but third-party contractors. They will be pulled by the wall in your hallway, spend fiber cable from the distribution panel in the entrance to the apartment, weld it and not far from the input install an optical outlet.

Further, the provider's setups appear, which hang an optical modem (usually it is leased) connect it with a cable with a power outlet, then adjust it. The Internet is already in the house, it remains to distribute it.

Approximately the process also occurs in a private house, however, distributing panels will either be on the supports of power lines (telecommunications), in wells, or absent in general, and the subscriber cable will be connected from a separate splitter.

These three stages do not independently do, only if you ranked in a contract with the provider. In addition, under the network contracts to the borders of the household or even to the sockets are serviced by the Internet vendor for free (if deliberately damaged), after the borders of the division of the line are considered to be the property of the client and all the costs of their operation are departed to it.

Connect ONT in the apartment

Figure below shows the standard diagram of connecting devices to the optical terminal. We will analyze it immediately implementing with your own hands, then we will tell you how to adjust the equipment as possible, and how to improve.

Please note that you will have to deal with the optics with the optics, it is enough to know how to connect the fiber optic cable to the modem, and all other networks are normal wired.

Standard service connection

Let us describe all the nodes of the scheme in detail, since it is not a specialist for life not everything is clear.

The optical socket, as in most cases, is located near the entrance to the hallway. It is connected with the distribution switch with a welded optical cable, which was mounted during installation.
The socket with the terminal is also connected by an optical cable, but it connects to the connectors. This is patch cord (so called any connecting cables fiber optic and wired, we will apply this term and further) as a rule, purchased.

An ordinary telephone cable is used to connect to the phone. Instead of a telephone socket, it turns on in the ONT connector, which corresponds to the standard telephone, and goes around the apartment to the place where the device is.

To connect to a stationary computer around the apartment, a twisted pair is laid (LAN cable) which is connected to the corresponding ONT and PC connectors. The connection is similar to connecting through the usual switch.
In order to connect a laptop, Wi Fi is used, for this, next to the terminal put a router. On the diagram it is indicated as PPPoE / Wi-Fi router. It connects with ONT, too, with a twisted pair.

The last connection is the TV, for this, a digital television receiver is set next to it (on the SET TOP BOX scheme, this is an English device designation). To connect the receiver with ONT, again, twisted pair, with standard HDMI, SCART or Composite TV connectors that connect any video devices.

We now turn to how to implement this scheme:

To connect to the outlet, it is best to use the finished optical patch cord. Such a small length wire is easy to purchase at any store. You can make it and independently purchasing fiber optic cable and connectors, we will tell about it below when we describe how to transfer the terminal on from the outlet.
Further connect the phone - for this, you can also buy the finished wire of the desired length with the connectors. If it is difficult to pick up the length, but I don't want to do the reserve, we produce themselves.

For the manufacture we will need:

special crimp (crimper) for RJ11 - 14 connectors or universal (it will also help when crimping twisted pairs);
cable required length;
rJ 11 or 14 plug (they are a penny);
instrument for cleaning isolation (knife tubing).

Council. Do not buy a four-core cable under the standard RJ14 for standard apparatuses enough 2-lived.

We remove the top insulation from the wire, for this you can use the knife or plumbing or blades of the Crimper (if any).
We expose the upper isolation by 6-8 millimeters, the insulation of individual conductors do not touch.
By moving them into the housing until it stops. Moreover, if we use, as we said, the two-tier wire, then the conductors must lie in the socket of two central contacts. Which side will be red, and with what green is not important, despite the fact that there is a decay scheme for these connectors, it is not necessary to observe it, telephone sets are not sensitive to polarity.

Then we insert the connector into the crimp, it must be properly lying into the appropriate socket and squeeze his handle. The bar will push inside, the knives shift the insulation lived and securely connect the contacts.

Council. You can try to enhance the connector and without Crim. To do this, installing the wires, with a screwdriver with a sharp tip, press knives separately, and then the bar to fix the wire inside. The work must be done carefully, however, the plug themselves are a penny, so you can break a few pieces while you can achieve a normal result.

You can also connect the phone with standard short patch cords. To do this, close to the phone and ONT install sockets.

The conductors in them are usually clamped with terminals. At the same time, it is necessary to connect 2 and 3 contacts (it is suitable for red and green wire, as well as in the telephone cable). This approach is even more convenient.

We connect the computer with a twisted pair. As in the case of the phone, you can try to find the finished cable of the desired length or purchase a twisted pair and plug. The compression occurs just as well, but with one feature, before installing the conductors in the socket, you need to develop the ends of the conductors and arrange them in the correct order, it is shown in the figure below.

Preparing Lan Line Do not forget and another feature - twisted pairs have a different bandwidth, in order to fully implement optical connection capabilities, you need to choose a category cable at least 5, they provide a gigabit speed.

Then connect the television receiver and the Wi Fi router everything just as for a computer - stretch the vita pair, which turn on in the appropriate connectors. For the latter, if it is located as a scheme easier to use a ready-made short patch cord. The router will need to be configured, as it describes the instruction on its operation.

Simplify schema

The standard diagram is designed to apply components with minimal functionality. But modern devices have advanced possibilities, tell me how to use them.

As a rule, almost all ONT terminals can distribute Wi-Fi, so you can refuse the router.
Televisions with the "Smart TV" function also have most often LAN input and do not need a receiver for them.

If you use a radio telephone, then its base station can be placed next to the terminal and do not stretch the telephone wire throughout the house. Moreover, many and so the devices are in the hallway where the digital socket is most often mounted.

In general, using the Wi-Fi connection, you can refuse the wires except the phone. Many TVs include a wireless network reception module, and for a stationary computer you can buy a receiver that turns on either to the USB connector, or is installed on the motherboard in the PCI slots.

True, when connected via Wi-Fi, you will not be able to achieve high speeds that involves connecting the Internet through the fiber optic cable. The possibilities of the wireless network are limited and depend on the distance to the router and the presence of obstacles (walls).

Improvement scheme

Now let's tell about the possibilities of improving the scheme. They can be offered much more. Somehow systematically give options and it is difficult to describe them, but we will try.

Phone line

Let's start with the simplest - phone, the house may not be one apparatus in the office, as in the diagram, but a few, in the bedroom, in the kitchen, in the living room. An optical modem most often has only one connector RJ 11 (RJ 14). Therefore, the line from it will have to branch it this can be three ways.

In the place needed to install a telephone splitter - a box with three outputs for RJ connectors. As an option - set a double outlet. This option may even be preferable, since then during damage, turning off the plots, it will be easy to find a damaged line.
Install in the division site any suitable terminal box and split the line with it.
Connect to the phone cable one more with a soldering or twist.

Router

The router installed in the hallway may not provide a clear signal (than it is weaker, the smaller the data transfer rate) across the apartment or house, especially if the area is large. It is advisable to transfer it closer to the housing center. True, this option is not possible if the Wi-Fi distributes the terminal itself. Alternatively, set the signal closer to the center (repeater) of the signal.

LAN lines

Due to the location of the fiber optic terminal, the twisted pair line are extended. Although the signal in them fades not much, but it is more convenient to lay it from the center, especially if there is a lot of equipment connected to the network. As the best option, of course, it would be transferred to the Ont terminal himself to the center, but it may not be possible to do so (just below).

But there is another opportunity - tolerate the router to the center, as we have already spoken above, and do the rest of the wiring. Almost all models of these devices, except that Wi-Fi is distributed, have from four LAN ports to exit and work like switches.

Also in the standard diagram, the laptop connection is assumed only through a wireless network. But we have already spoken, Wi-Fi does not fully implement the possibility of high-speed data transfer that the optical terminal provides. Therefore, it is desirable in those sites (living room, bedroom, kitchen) where you most often use a laptop, too, stretch the tween pair to connect it.

A television

As we said, modern TVs with the "Smart" function have connectors for connecting twisted pair (LAN) and Wi-Fi receiver allow you to abandon the receiver at all. Correct such devices are not even televisions, but monoblock computers with TV functionality.

If the TV supports high-definition video or even 3D, connect is still better through the LAN (due to the possible reduction in the velocity via the wireless channel). Also for such devices, if the receiver is still used, then connect it to the TV to ensure video quality is better not through the SCART or Composite scheme connections, but via HDMI or at least DVI.

Another feature today in the house is usually not one TV, but a few. How to connect them?

If you need high quality, you will have to pull a twisted pair to each, if not, you can do Wi-Fi. Even if the television receiver or receiver itself does not support this technology, the wireless adapter costs less than 10 dollars.

This section of the article will also answer the frequently asked question - how to connect the TV optical cable to the receiving?

In principle, there are receivers that are directly connected to the optical network, but they are mainly used to broadcast in cable networks, that is, for professional use. All home receivers of digital television are connected, as we have described above.

Backup nutrition

The disadvantage of modern high-tech communication lines and not only optical is that the terminal devices require a connection to an electrical network.

If the old phone could work on the voltage supplied from the PBX on the wires, the device connected to the terminal completely depends on its power. That is, if you have a light in the house, you will not be able to receive and receive calls. Therefore, think over the backup power source for an optical modem.

Considering that the power consumption is usually within 15-20 watts for this purpose, any uninterrupted power supply is suitable for this purpose (the UPS reduction is made - the uninterrupted power source).

For example, if the uninterruptible battery is a battery with a capacity of 9 a / h, then it can provide you with communication within 6-7 hours. During this time, the mains usually eliminate damage. For countryside, where electricity interruptions are more prolonged, you can select a block with a larger capacitance battery.

Preferably, in addition to the optical modem to the UPS, connect and Wi-Fi router. Then, when the electricity is disconnected, you will have not only a telephone connection, but also the Internet, provided that the laptop batteries, a tablet or smartphone are charged.

Transferring ONT Terminal

As we said the location of the modem at the entrance door is not optimal, it is desirable to place it closer to the center of the apartment to improve the connection on Wi-Fi and reduce the length of the wired lines.

Of course, the transfer of the device can be problematic:

perhaps the provider does not allow independent movement of the modem;
the subscriber optical cable is rather demanding on the conditions of laying, does not like bending under a small radius, it must be additionally protected.

But sometimes it is still desirable to rearrange the modem especially in large apartments with several levels. Consider how it can be done, more precisely, how to lengthen the optical cable.

Several options:

Use an optical cable with connectors with the appropriate connectors in the outlet and modem (peculiar patch cord) of large length. The most acceptable option, however, on sale such cables are not found, but can be made independently. In addition, with this approach, there are no problems with the provider.
Lengthen fiber with connecting elements. Look below how can this be done. But we note that the signal loss in this method will be more than at the first option.
Wet fiber cable. In fact, it is not so difficult, and we also consider how it is done. The problem is only that the welding machine costs several thousand dollars and it is not worth buying for one two joints. Although if you are going to continue to continue the construction of optical networks at the professional level ...

You can also take a useful equipment from a friend or rent for a day.

By the way, sometimes ask whether to install two ONT in one apartment. In principle, it is possible, but unlike telephone sets, they cannot work in parallel, you will have to pay for two facial accounts. So such a choice makes sense only if you need uninterrupted Internet and is it possible to connect to the Internet through fiber optic cable of different providers.

By the way, a similar scheme, though wired, is implemented at me at home. Through the DSL modem, I am connected to the Republican Provider Beltelecom, who has chosen a tariff without a monthly fee. The second connection with the help of a twisted pair to the local provider server (the director of the enterprise neighbor and friend), where the Internet is free. If someone has breakdowns, then I easily turn to the reserve.

To help We also offer a video connection of an optical cable:

Connection and connection of optical cables

All the works described below usually make a master for a decent fee, although how you can make sure they are pretty uncomplicated if equipped equipment and tools. In my opinion, to master the optics is also not difficult, as well as the correct soldering of the usual copper wires.

True, such a need arises rarely, but we will look with an eye on the future, perhaps soon fiber opens copper everywhere, and the terminal devices will be connected directly to it, and not through ONT.

Installation of optical connector

Consider how the most common SC type connectors are mounted. The overwhelming majority of modems and sockets use that type. For installation, we will need a set of special tools and materials.

Although it is worth it decently, but still cheaper than the apparatus for welding fiber. Such sets are usually supplied with detailed instructions, so we will give an approximate procedure for familiarization.

Connector installation steps on the cable are as follows:

Special nipples - stripper remove isolation. This tool has calibrated gaps, between the cutting edges allowing the layers alternately, without damaging the fiber itself.
Then the kevlar fiber is trimmed, which replaces the shell of the wire. Make it with ordinary scissors will not work because of its great strength. The strongest blades will be required, which are most often available at Streera.
Then dresses a part of the connector, which will fix it on the cable.
Further, a hydrophobic coating on the glass fiber is removed by the special composition or simply alcohol napkins.
Next is preparing and recruited in the syringe glue, which will fix the fiber in the connector. A strictly measured amount is entered into the channel, which then has a nude fiber.
After hardening glue, the special tool is fried fiber optic.
Then his end is grouped.
In conclusion, the rest of the connector dresses, and it is crimped with a special crimp.

Compound fiber mechanic connector

This method is easier than the previous pieces of the fiber optic cable, with connectors mounted in industrial environments (PIG-Tayley), and are joined by a mechanical connector. The lack of a method in the losses of the signal on the compounds, it is comparable with a decrease in the intensity of light in the connectors themselves (it is clear that it is impossible to refuse the connectors). So it is better to either chop or mount the fiber in the connector.

Interesting. Pih-Tail is translated from English as a "piglet tail", a pretty comparison.

On the example of the SNR-LINK connector, we describe the execution of work.

The cable is cleaned of isolation and is cleaned.
The ends of the purified cable is installed in the connector.

Then the latch is simply pressed.

On this work ends. As can be seen in the photo below, the test of this compound shows the loss of 0.028 dB, it is commensurate with losses in the connector, although the connector is allowed to loss up to 0.04 dB in passport data. By the way, the device is reusable.

Welding wires

As we have already spoken the best welding wire or Pig Tayila, it is also easy to problem only in the cost of the device. We show how welding is welding.

The device turns on and its self-test.

Next, we enter the type of cable weldable. Moreover, for this, it is not necessary to professionally understand all the varieties of fiber-optic conductors, just enter the labeling specified either on the package or on the very surface of the insulation.

Then, removing the external protective layer by any suitable tool, install the wire into a special holder. Before that, do not forget to wear a CDPS sleeve (a set of weld protection details) which then closes the welding location.

Then the holder is placed in a thermostrifer of the device, and it turns on. Isolation is removed by heating, and the risk of damaging the fiber is much less than with ordinary mechanical exposure.

The cover closes and runs the thermostropher. It cleans the wire itself.

Further, without removing the wire from the holder, wipe it with alcohol (the round capacity with a tampon is on the top cover of the machine) to remove the hydrophobic coating and install it in the leap. The holder in it, as in the strength, is attached to the magnet. Rocking passes when the lid is closed. The trimming of the fibers fall into a special container, so as not to get lost (drive under the skin a thin, almost imperceptible eye fiber easily, and then it is difficult to remove it).

Attention. Treat wholesalers very carefully, they should not be lost, as they can harm their health. Especially dangerous if the pieces of the glass wire fall into the respiratory tract.

When two wires are prepared, not removing from holders, install them directly under the welding electrodes.

Run the welding process. The device aligns and center the fibers and conducts their welding, it takes less than ten seconds.

At the end of the welding, the machine shows the result - what losses will be on this joint. In the image below, they are highlighted by oval, just 0.01 dB.

It remains to plant a SBDS sleeve, for this she is put on the place of the joint (pre-removing the holders) and the wire is placed in the oven.

The process also takes a few seconds. Remove from the furnace ready-made welded fiber cable (carefully, it will be hot).

As you can see, everything is pretty simple, if you are not curved hands, you can learn how to weld fiber opticianship can be quick enough to read the manual to the welding machine (our article also fits) or get 10 minute instructions. I note that it is much more complicated so quickly to purchase the skills of connecting ordinary wires with a soldering iron and solder.

We hope that our article told everything about the optical cable, how to connect it, connect, align the operation of the fiber optic modem with other devices. Even if you are not going to independently mount networks or connectors, knowing how it is done, you can find the cause of damage and path to eliminate them. Let the Internet in your home will always be quick and without interruptions.