If you are looking for opportunities to make money in the countryside, then it is best to pay attention to breeding birds or animals with further resale of meat or products. Duck breeding as a business is a promising direction. Large investments are not required, and with proper organization of the business you can get very good income.

Raising ducks as a business: a step-by-step action plan

To get started, you must complete the following steps:

1. Register a company.
2. Set up a poultry house, find a suitable room.
3. Buy the necessary equipment.
4. Hire assistants.
5. Buy ducks.
6. Provide care and feeding according to the rules.
7. Consider product sales channels.

Official part

A business plan for duck breeding certainly includes such an important point as registration of activities. For an average farm, it is better to choose a personal subsidiary plot. This form allows you to save a lot on paperwork. All you need is confirmation that you own a plot of land.

Advantages of private household plots: there is no need to make tax payments.

Flaws: The sale of products in large quantities is prohibited (only disposal of surplus is allowed).

Therefore, businessmen often immediately decide to register an individual entrepreneur.

Duck breeding as a business: profitable or not?

This activity is carried out in two ways:

• Purchasing young animals
• Self-excretion.

If there is no desire or opportunity to breed ducklings yourself, you will need to purchase 70 ducklings annually. Therefore, it is still more profitable to bring them out yourself.

You need to decide on the breed. Meat They are distinguished by rapid weight gain and even the prospect of producing about 40 eggs. Each duck, with sufficient feeding, will gain approximately 2.5-3 kilograms after 60 days. It is recommended to purchase several breeding ducks in order to replenish the herd.

Oviparous The breeds do not gain weight quickly, but they produce a lot of eggs. It is very important to select quality birds. Then they will not only provide eggs, but also provide good quality meat.

When starting to raise ducks, beginners are advised to choose the Peking breed. She has good egg production (approximately 170 eggs annually). To maintain a herd, it is enough to purchase 2 males and 10 females. The result will be 2 families of ducks.
Pekin duck

Profit is received in several ways:

• Sale of duck meat
• Sales of down and feathers
• Waste-free production.

The last point means breeding ducks for meat as a business, including the sale of down and feathers.

Duck meat, unlike chicken meat, is a much healthier product. It is ideal for dietary nutrition. Down is an excellent natural pillow filler.

The duck business also has its downsides:

• Birds in cages deposit fat faster, resulting in deteriorating meat quality.
• Ducks naturally reproduce faster.
• A pond near which ducks walk quickly becomes polluted with down and droppings.

Breed selection

Peking duck. A meat breed, it quickly gains weight, the male reaches 4 kilograms, and does not require special care. Lays about 140 eggs per year.

Muscovy ducks. They are also called Indian ducks. Externally the most beautiful breed. They lay about 120 eggs annually, weighing approximately 3 kilograms for ducks and 6 kilograms for drakes. They do not make much noise, they can fly, so they need to have their wings trimmed.

Mulard ducks. They gain weight quickly, the meat is tasty, odorless, and has no fat. Females and males weigh almost the same. Resistant to disease and cold.

Poultry house for ducklings

Breeding ducks does not require large premises. The initial stage of cultivation is carried out in early winter, the last stage - at the end of winter. All this time, the poultry house needs continuous heating. Considering the large size, not much electricity will be needed.

Constant ventilation will also be required. The best option is a constant supply of warm air to replace open doors. This will require additional costs, but only in the cold season. During the warm months, the bird spends most of its time in the enclosure. Bedding must be laid on the floor of the poultry house. In summer it can be neglected, but in winter the thickness is at least 6 kg for one bird.

The area of ​​the poultry house must be calculated as accurately as possible. For 3 ducks there is a minimum of 1 sq.m. This means that for 50 individuals you need 20 sq.m.

You will need a place for birds to walk. If there are 100 ducks on the farm at the same time, then 50 sq.m. is enough. land with fencing. That is, for 2 ducks, 1 sq.m. is allocated. It is better not to create a pond, otherwise it will quickly become polluted.

Room for breeding ducks

For a farm of 250 ducks, you will need to regularly increase the number of poultry by 50 ducklings. It's easier to buy chicks. But this is an extra expense. Therefore, it is more profitable to give preference to breeding ducks.

If we take Peking ducks, they are an egg-laying breed, which means they have their own young. Light regime is of great importance for productivity. It is best if it is as long as possible. Therefore, when building a poultry house, it is worth taking this into account.

For adults, the area of ​​the poultry house is larger than for ducklings. For two families, consisting of a drake and 2-3 females, 4 sq.m. is needed. This amount will ultimately yield 250 ducklings.

Ducks on the run

Purchase of equipment

If you plan to hatch young animals, an additional incubator is purchased in the amount of 1-2 pieces.

To speed up the processing of slaughtered bird carcasses, you will need a plucking machine. You also need a refrigerator and freezer to store meat.

Implementation

Duck meat is a popular product. Most popular sales channels:

• Catering establishments. It is necessary to conclude an agreement with the owners of such establishments for the supply of meat. Payment is made upon delivery of the product.
• Point on the market. Revenue is higher here, but be prepared for regular inspections to ensure compliance with sanitary requirements.
• Wholesale delivery of meat for sale.

As for down, you can open your own sewing shop for the production of pillows and blankets, or sell it in bulk to similar manufacturers.

Drinkers for ducklings

We calculate income and expenses

As an example, we will consider a farm with 1,500 ducks. Taking into account summer and winter feeding, 2 months will require 10 kilograms of feed per bird or 15 tons for the entire flock.

The total amount is about 2 million rubles and includes the following expenses:

• Construction of a warm poultry house with an area of ​​700 sq.m.
• Heating and ventilation.
• Poultry care: cages, walking, bedding, incubation, lighting.
• Automatic drinkers and feeders.
• Poultry slaughter (equipment, refrigeration chambers).

Another 400,000 will go to:

• Buying ducklings
• Buying feed
• Other expenses.

Monthly revenue is planned in the amount of 300 thousand rubles. The approximate payback period is 1 year.

Raising ducks in your own backyard is an interesting idea for those who have their own plot of sufficient area, as well as a desire to engage in such an activity.

At home. A small farm can bring good profits if you put in a little effort and organize the work correctly.

Duck breeding as a business is suitable for novice entrepreneurs. This activity does not require large investments or special knowledge. However, some tips will help the farmer avoid mistakes and create a successful business.

In our country, the duck business is poorly developed, so there is practically no competition in the market. Before the introduction of sanctions, poultry meat was imported from European countries. Nowadays you can rarely find quality goods in stores, despite high demand. Small farms are taking advantage of the current situation and supplying organic meat to large retail chains.

Duck farming is a promising activity that allows an entrepreneur to quickly receive high profits. To understand whether it is profitable to keep ducks, it is enough to compare the advantages and disadvantages of this business. The advantages include:

• The ability of birds to actively reproduce;
• Easy to care for;
• Low food costs;
• Almost waste-free production - you can sell not only meat, but also feathers, fluff, and eggs.

You can't do without shortcomings. The most significant are:

• The herd must be constantly monitored;
• Birds require a large area with a body of water for comfortable living and breeding;
• Difficulties may arise with registration and obtaining permits.

Most farmers raise ducks for meat. This is due to the fact that young animals quickly gain weight. By the age of three months, ducklings weigh 2-3 kg.

Poultry house arrangement

The mini duck farm should be located outside the city, near a pond. If it is missing, an artificial pond must be created on the site. There are three options for keeping ducks on a farm:

• Closed method. Birds live in cages;
• Limited walking, in which the herd is kept indoors;
• Walking method - birds can move freely around the farm.

The closed method of keeping has a negative impact on the quality of meat. Individuals quickly gain weight due to adipose tissue.

The construction of the poultry house must be given special attention. It should be warm, as birds do not tolerate winter cold well. It will be necessary to provide heating and equip the room with ventilation for air access.

The area of ​​the poultry house depends on the number of livestock. On average, about 0.35 sq.m. is allocated per individual.

The premises are divided into several sections for keeping young animals and housing the broodstock. The floor is covered with hay, which is changed regularly to avoid the spread of disease. The cages are placed at a height of 30 cm from the ground level - this will protect the birds from rodents that can enter the house.

The walking pen is surrounded by a high fence so that the birds cannot fly outside the farm territory. Ducks are often attacked by predatory animals, so the top of the aviary is covered with a strong net.

Equipment

It is impossible to get high profits without special equipment. For the normal functioning of the farm you will need

Duck mini farm

• Vacuum drinkers and feed containers;
• Nest boxes;
• Refrigeration chambers;
• Device for incubating eggs;
• Feather plucking machine;
• Infrared lamps.

The poultry house should be well lit, especially in winter. To do this, purchase lamps with a power of about 5 W per 1 sq.m.

Diet

Ducks are unpretentious in food, but to produce high-quality and tasty meat, their diet must include:

• Various grain crops;
• Calcium (chalk, sand or crushed shells);
• Mineral supplements;
• Chopped herbs, vegetables and plant stems.

Ducklings reach weight sufficient for slaughter in 2-3 months. During this time, they manage to eat about 10 kg of feed and various mixtures. It is not difficult to calculate that for a herd of 300 individuals you will need to purchase 3 tons of feed.

Sales markets

Duck meat is in high demand, so there will be no problems with selling the product. A farmer can offer his products:

• Restaurants and cafes;
• Large retail chains;
• Farm goods stores;
• Textile factories (down and feathers).

In addition, the goods are sold at local markets or sold to wholesale buyers.

Legal registration

If an entrepreneur is limited in funds, the business can be registered as a peasant farm. This organizational and legal form of the enterprise allows you to save on taxes and simplifies document flow. In other cases, it is recommended to register as an individual entrepreneur.

Having chosen a form of ownership, the farmer will need to obtain permission from regulatory authorities:

• Sanitary and Epidemiological Service;
• Rospotrebnadzor;
• Veterinary service.

Each batch of goods must receive a quality certificate. Without this document, it is prohibited to sell food products.

Which breed to choose

Choosing a breed for breeding is where the duck business begins. Before purchasing the first individuals, you need to decide on the purpose of doing business. If an entrepreneur plans to sell only eggs, they choose egg-bearing breeds; only meat breeds are suitable for meat production.

There are several popular breeds that will bring guaranteed profits to the entrepreneur:

• Peking duck breeding. This is one of the most famous meat breeds. Characterized by rapid weight gain and strong immunity. In addition, the bird lays eggs well and can produce up to 100 eggs per year;
• Muscovy duck breeding. An inexpensive, calm bird, lays about 70 eggs and reaches a weight of 2.5 kg at three months of age;
• Breeding mulard ducks. The breed was obtained by crossing Peking and Muscovy ducks. The bird eats grass, so it gains weight slowly.

In order for the duck farm to operate smoothly, the owner must form a breeding herd. Before slaughtering the first batch of young animals, it is necessary to select strong and healthy individuals suitable for reproduction. One drake can fertilize about 5 females. Such a “family” produces up to 75 ducklings per year. To maintain a herd of 300 animals, it is enough to leave 20 females and 4 males.

Ducklings can be hatched in two ways: by hatching and incubating eggs. The first method has a significant drawback - the female does not always show maternal instinct. In the second case, the birth rate of chicks is 90%.

Business plan for duck breeding with calculations

The implementation of any business idea begins with planning. At this stage, it is necessary to analyze the sales market, calculate preliminary costs and assess business prospects. A business plan will help an entrepreneur understand whether it is profitable or not to engage in poultry farming. Let's try to calculate how much money you can earn by opening a small duck farm for 300 heads.

Farmers receive income from the sale of meat and eggs. Duck carcass sells for 300 rubles per 1 kg. A dozen eggs can be bought for 100 rubles. Let's calculate the income from product sales.

Duck farm- an interesting and profitable business, since these birds breed actively and are quite unpretentious in terms of housing and food conditions. Next we will look at all the features of this type of activity using the example business plan for breeding musk duck. The choice of breed is due to the lower fat content in meat and rapid weight gain for speedy implementation, in addition, these breeds do not require a pond or reservoir.

The demand for duck meat is inferior to chicken or turkey, but there are a great many connoisseurs of this product. Meat has specific taste characteristics and is used in the preparation of many dishes in various world cuisines.

Key features of a duck farm business plan for breeding and raising Muscovy ducks

The essence of a business plan

To start a business correctly, you need more than just an idea. It is necessary to do a large amount of work so that this idea receives the appropriate embodiment and result in the form of profit for a businessman. All activities in most cases are described in the form of a special project document, in our example it is - duck farm business plan.

Its advantages include breadth of application and general popularity, simplicity of structure and orderliness of logical planning processes, objectivity and validity of all calculations of financial and economic indicators. It also fully meets the requirements of potential investors who, by the nature of their activities, study hundreds of similar projects to choose the best direction for investing their finances.

Description

Files

Characteristics and stages of operation of a Muscovy duck farm

The entrepreneurial idea is to start duck farm for raising musk duck. The target markets are private farms and farms that purchase ducklings and poultry for breeding, markets and shops for selling duck meat.

When compiling duck farming business plan it is necessary to take into account some features of the growing technology, for example, if the duck does not have an open body of water near it, it will gain weight faster.

Main stages of activity:

• hatching chickens and forming the required number of birds;
• fattening to the required weight or age;
• sale of chickens and ducks with drakes for reproduction;

cutting meat birds and sending them to sales points.

1 – Summary

1.1. The essence of the project

1.2. Amount of investment to start a duck breeding farm

1.3. Results of work

2 – Concept

2.1. Project concept

2.2. Description/Properties/Characteristics

2.3. Goals for 5 years

3 – Market

3.1. Market size

3.2. Market dynamics

4 – Staff

4.1. Staffing table

4.2. Processes

4.3. Wage

5 – Financial plan

5.1. Investment plan

5.2. Financing plan

5.3. Duck Farm Development Sales Plan

5.4. Spending plan

5.5. Tax payment plan

5.6. Reports

5.7. Investor income

6 – Analysis

6.1. Investment analysis

6.2. The financial analysis

6.3. Risks of Duck Farm Production

7 – Conclusions

The business plan for a duck breeding farm is provided in MS Word format - it already contains all the tables, graphs, diagrams and descriptions. You can use them "as is" because it is already ready to use. Or you can adjust any section to suit you.

For example: if you need to change the name of the project or the region where the business is located, this can be easily done in the “Project Concept” section.

Financial calculations are provided in MS Excel format - the parameters are highlighted in the financial model - this means that you can change any parameter, and the model will automatically calculate everything: it will build all the tables, graphs and diagrams.

For example: if you need to increase your sales plan, then just change the sales volume for a given product (service) - the model will recalculate everything automatically, and immediately all the tables and diagrams will be ready: monthly sales plan, sales structure, sales dynamics - all this will be ready .

A special feature of the financial model is that all formulas, parameters and variables are available for change, which means that any specialist who knows how to work in MS Excel can adjust the model to suit themselves.

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Reviews from our clients

Feedback on the business planchicken farm for breeding and raising laying hens

Excellent quality business plan from Plan-Pro made it possible to obtain a loan of 150 million rubles for the development of a farm for breeding laying hens. We are grateful for the document, which takes into account all our wishes and the requirements of Sberbank. We received the loan within 2 months, no adjustments were required.

Belozerov N.L., farmer, Kostroma region

Feedback on a business plan for growing and breeding turkeys and turkeys

Cooperation with the Plan-Pro company to develop a business plan for a turkey farm led to us receiving investment in the amount of 25 million rubles. The calculations in the project are detailed and high-quality, financial forecasting takes into account the nuances of turkey growing, fattening and organizing the production cycle, the marketing research is in-depth and compiled with knowledge of the matter. All this helped to successfully resolve the issue of financing.

Igor Zamyatin, financial director, Yaroslavl

Feedback on a business plan for a goose farm for 1000 heads

We bought a ready-made business plan for a goose farm on the website. The work was done to a high quality - the goose farm business plan is easy to use, the financial forecasts are realistic, and any numbers in the financial model can be changed. The goose farm project was designed in accordance with the requirements of banks, and Rosselkhozbank did not have any questions when making a decision on lending.

Nadezhda Gorodetskaya, Pereslavl-Zalessky

Let's start implementing the project

Before starting a project and drawing up a business plan, think over its structure and content, and at the initial stage, draw up a brief description reflecting the main stages of the activity.

Description of the farm

Muscovy duck duck farm with a livestock of XXX units. The main products are young animals, poultry for breeding and meat production.

Structure of a business plan for growing musk duck

Like all similar documents, duck farm business plan has a certain structure that reflects the main stages of the project. The presence of this structure allows you to follow the sequence of actions necessary to achieve the goals and objectives defined by the entrepreneur:

• review of the target market, study of indicators of overall supply and demand; determining the dynamics of trends and their possible development in the future;
• investment part, characterizing the volume and structure of financial investments;
• poultry farming technologies;
• operating expenses;
• sales revenue;
• personnel issues;
• product promotion and sales strategy;
• section describing the economic and financial part.

Target market overview

The purpose of this section is to formulate a vision of the company’s future, its place in the industry and those competitive characteristics that will allow it to take a worthy share in the total sales volume. Based on the conclusions drawn, the following stages are formed business plan for a duck farm for breeding musky ducks.

Qualitative characteristics of the business and product:

• natural fattening without the use of chemical additives for growth and weight gain;
• ideal proportions of fat and meat in the finished product;
• product quality guarantees confirmed by laboratory tests;
• flexible terms of cooperation, various payment options;
• ensuring availability in retail outlets without shortage of supply.

To increase the profitability of the business, you can additionally start raising laying hens, this will minimize risks and receive additional stable profits. contains characteristics of this business and calculation of all indicators of this type of entrepreneurship.

Organizational aspects of preparing a business plan for breeding musky ducks for the implementation stage

To our duck farm business plan If you don’t stall immediately after the start, you need to carefully prepare and carry out all the steps to legalize and register your business and come to an agreement with the interested parties:

1. Find a location close to major transport hubs, in a rural area that meets the location requirements duck farms.
2. Register your activity as a legal entity or individual entrepreneur.
3. Register your company with the tax office and open a bank account.
4. Familiarize yourself with the growing technology and feeding features.
5. Determine the sources of food supply.
6. Conduct preliminary negotiations with trade organizations.
7. Make a list of regulatory approvals.
8. Review the list of suitable vacancies to determine the shortage or sufficiency of potential employees.

Investment part of the project

Duck Farm – an almost win-win business option that, if properly organized, will quickly begin to pay for itself and will allow you to increase the number of poultry by a factor of just one year. All this plays a positive role when investors consider such projects. But the project must be well designed and supported by calculations. To make your task easier, download a sample from our website business plan for a duck farm for breeding musky ducks, with the calculation of basic financial indicators. This will significantly speed up all processes of organizing a business and remove some of the problems of attracting external investment.

Investments:

• purchase of drakes and ducks for breeding young animals - XXX rub.;
• industrial incubator – XXX rub.;
• purchase of batteries – XXX rub.;
• pens, cages and nests – XXX rub.;
• various containers for feeding and water – XXX rub.;
• cutting equipment – ​​XXX rub.;
• systems for maintaining the required climate – XXX rub.;
• freezing equipment – ​​XXX rub.;
• motor transport – XXX rub.

Investments in the project will range from 50 to 120 million rubles.

Technological features of the process in a duck breeding business plan

The main technological stages: breeding ducks and drakes, hatching eggs and hatching offspring, prescription fattening, sale of young animals and sires, packaging and delivery to places of sale of carcasses and meat.

While in the process of developing a business plan for a duck farm, do not miss the importance of taking into account the total cost of the equipment necessary for the technological process:

• crushers and industrial mixers for feed production,
• equipment for supplying water to drinking bowls
• incubator equipment;
• heaters and bactericidal lamps;
• pens, cages and fences;
• complex for processing and cutting carcasses;
• packaging line;
• freezers and refrigerators.

Economic efficiency of the project

Operating costs in a business plan for a duck farm for breeding musky ducks

Operating costs are formed due to the need to finance all current processes of the company's activities in the overall production process. They are a kind of “fuel”, without which our duck farm will not “go far”.

The total amount of operating costs must be taken into account during development Muscovy duck farming business plan and comply with the general cost system adopted in accounting:

• rental payments - XXX rub.;
• utilities – XXX rub.;
• raw materials and materials – XXX rub.;
• advertising and commercial expenses – XXX rub.;
• merchandising – XXX rub.;
• wages and contributions to pension and insurance funds – XXX rub.
• other operating expenses – XXX rub.

As a result, we get the amount of expenses within the framework of current activities - XXX rubles.

Revenue structure

Our main sources of income duck farm There will be a sale of young animals, drakes and ducks for reproduction and duck meat. To achieve the necessary and intended business plan for breeding musk ducks profitability indicators, it is necessary to determine the product characteristics that determine the company’s competitive advantages:

• only natural food;
• optimal weight for frying and baking;
• product quality testing;
• variety of supply volumes and forms of payment;
• presence in all major retail chains.

Shares of products in total sales:

1. Young animals – XXX rub.
2. Ducks and drakes for livestock breeding – XXX rub.
3. Meat – XXX rub.

The sales volume in rubles will be XXX per month.

Issues of providing employees in a business plan for a duck farm for breeding musky ducks.

In modern poultry farming, most of the processes are automated, but the share of manual labor remains large. Determining the number and qualifications is necessary for uninterrupted production and ensuring the quality of the finished product. Another important point is to include labor costs in total costs. business plan for breeding musk duck.

Minimum required personnel:

• manager – XXX rub.;
• livestock specialist;
• head of the processing department - XXX rub.;
• accounting - XXX rub.;
• personnel management service - XXX rub.;
• general workers of the main production – XXX rub.;
• advertising and sales department – ​​XXX rub.;
• AHO employees – XXX rub.

Project payback

The farm will reach payback in a period of 3 to 5 years. indicators. Each of the parameters of the financial model can be changed manually.

The cash flow statement is the most important document of any business plan. Contains comprehensive information about the company's operating, investment and financial inflows and outflows, and also allows you to evaluate the overall picture of the company's performance.

All the benefits of a professionally written business plan

It is not for nothing that the concepts of “division of labor” and “everyone should mind their own business” have existed since the inception of the first monetary relations. You can't be an expert in everything. Otherwise, there would not be a large number of consulting firms and analytical agencies operating quite successfully in the market. Of course, an entrepreneur can carry out all the design work on his own, but it is better to entrust this to professionals.

Download ready-made on our website business plan for a duck farm for breeding muscovy ducks, with a complete set of information and the main financial indicators of the project. Or order an individual turnkey business plan developed specifically for your business. In both cases, you will significantly increase the chances of success in implementing your entrepreneurial idea.

Duck farm– this is an excellent way of self-realization, since the demand for poultry products is great, regardless of seasonality and most external factors. Use a high-quality and professional business plan and conquer new markets.

* The calculations use average data for Russia

350,000 ₽

Minimum starting capital

6 months

Payback

65%

Profitability

100,000₽

Net profit

The business of raising waterfowl is highly profitable and promising. Organizing a small household plot does not require serious investments and high labor costs, although ducks do need good living conditions. The most popular among novice entrepreneurs is the mini-farm format, which can be placed on an area of ​​no more than 100 square meters. meters.

Technical and material base of the duck farm

Conventionally, the entire territory for the farm can be divided into three separate segments: a poultry house with an aviary for raising and fattening birds for sale, a poultry house with breeding birds, a utility room with all the necessary equipment and inventory.

In general, a duck house is not much different from a regular chicken coop. It is subject to standard requirements. It should be dry, clean and bright, have electric lighting, be well ventilated, but drafts should not be allowed. Often, beginning farmers prefer the cheaper option of supply and exhaust ventilation.

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However, experienced poultry farmers believe that this is exactly the cost item on which you should not save. In their opinion, ventilation with forced supply of warm air is better. These costs will quickly pay for themselves, especially if during the warm season you keep ducks not in a poultry house, but in an open-air aviary. Accordingly, ventilation will work exclusively in the cold season, when walking is impossible.

The cheapest building materials are used for the construction of the poultry house. The main thing is that there are no cracks in the walls and ceiling. There are no strict requirements for the size of the poultry house, however, in order to save money, experienced poultry farmers advise making the front wall of the duck house up to two meters high, and lowering the back wall to a height of one meter.

Unlike chickens, ducks do not need perches - they spend all their time on the floor, so high ceilings are irrelevant to them. By reducing the height of the poultry house, on the one hand, you reduce the amount of building materials required for its construction, and on the other hand, you save on heating the poultry house during the cold season (and this is a very significant expense item).

The area of ​​the poultry house is determined by the number of birds. The norm is 18-20 sq. meters for three birds there is at least 1 square. meter. Thus, one such house is suitable for keeping about fifty ducks. You should not increase the number of animals in a limited area - ducks do not tolerate crowding.

On the south side of the poultry house, a manhole is made at a height of 5 to 10 cm from the floor, 35 cm wide and up to 45 cm high. The manhole leads to a paddock, the area of ​​which is about 30 square meters. meters (at the rate of two birds per 1 square meter), with a canopy area of ​​about 7 square meters. meters. The walk must be fenced so that the birds do not wander around the area.

Many novice poultry farmers equip artificial ponds for ducks. But even taking into account the fact that ducks are waterfowl and love to splash in the water, this is not worth doing. In such a small area, the reservoir will not be spacious enough. It will quickly turn into a sewage pit, and the birds will begin to fight for water, which will inevitably lead to stress.

Nests, drinkers and feeders are installed inside the poultry house. All of this equipment will need to be made of durable material as it will need to be cleaned and disinfected regularly. Feeders for ducks are made in the form of a trough, which is convenient to use for dry food and wet mash. It is recommended to fill the feeders no more than one third with food. their depths, since when the feeders are full during eating, most of the feed crumbles and spoils, sometimes increasing its consumption several times.

The size of the feeder depends on the age of the bird. For ducklings up to two months old, experts advise preparing three sets of feeders from boards with a thickness of 1.5 to 2.5 cm. A bar is fixed on top of the feeder. On the one hand, this bar prevents the bird from climbing into the feeder and scattering food. On the other hand, it is used as a handle for more convenient transportation of the feeder. Troughs for mineral feed are made with three compartments - for chalk, shells and gravel and are attached to the wall at a height of 20 cm from the floor.

Raising ducklings under a mother duck

For ducklings under 15 days old, it is best to use an automatic drinker, which also consists of three parts: a plastic or glass bottle with a capacity of up to 4.5 liters, a rectangular tray and a removable gable lid. An automatic waterer is preferable to a regular one, as it prevents the ducklings from getting wet and keeps the water fresh and clean for a long time. Drinkers for adult ducks are usually made of wood. They range from one to one and a half meters in length, 25 cm in width, and 15-20 cm in depth. To prevent the wood from warping and allowing water to pass through, products made from it must be tarred and painted. If your poultry house has a water supply, you can use flow-through drinkers made from a pipe cut into two equal parts. A drainage system is also installed into the waste pit. And ideally, it is best to use not open containers as drinkers, including for adult birds, but a drip or nipple drinking system.

In addition, you will need to prepare nests for clutches. They are made from boards. The nest is 40 cm wide and 50 cm deep, and in height - 25-30 cm. The number of nests is determined by the number of your ducks. One nest of this size is intended for five females. For the convenience of the bird, a threshold about 7 cm high is made at the nest. In spring and summer, several nests are installed in the open air - in a place intended for walking the bird.

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The bottom of the nest must be covered with straw, sawdust or moss. The sawdust is dried before use. The total consumption of bedding material for floor-keeping ducks is 6 kg per bird. If you plan to keep birds indoors in the summer and not outside in an aviary, the consumption will be higher. It is necessary to monitor the cleanliness of the litter, especially during the laying period, since ducks often lay eggs directly on the litter. It is recommended to add fresh sawdust or straw in the evening, remembering to loosen them. In the summer months, dry coarse sand can be used as bedding, spread in a layer of up to 20 cm.

The poultry house and breeding poultry run are equipped in exactly the same way. Only the planting density differs. For breeding ducks it is 1 square. meter per bird. Thus, the total area of ​​the second poultry house will be about 20-30 square meters. meters. As additional equipment, you will need an incubator of the required volume. Experts advise choosing universal models. Keep in mind that duck eggs are larger than chicken eggs, so an incubator designed for a hundred chicken eggs will fit no more than seventy duck eggs.

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In addition, it is advisable to immediately purchase a machine for plucking feathers from carcasses and a freezer. This is quite expensive equipment. The minimum cost of a plucking machine is 12,000-15,000 rubles. But this investment will quickly pay off. The payback period can be calculated independently, taking into account the fact that the cost of hand-plucking a duck is from 250 rubles per individual!

Features of duck breeding

If you view your (albeit small) farm not as a hobby or subsidiary farm, but, first of all, as the main source of income, you will need to constantly increase the number of ducks and strive to reduce production costs as much as possible. One small farm can raise up to 270 birds per year.

But in this case, you will need to regularly purchase 50-60 chicks. And this will require additional, sometimes very significant costs. For example, one day-old Muscovy duckling costs about 100 rubles. And the same amount will be required to grow it to a “marketable” state. Obviously, it is much more profitable to keep breeding birds and raise ducklings yourself than to regularly purchase them from poultry farms.

What breed of ducks should I choose for breeding? Duck breeds are distinguished by their main productivity. Based on this criterion, meat, egg and general use types are distinguished. Meat ducks are heavier and comparatively more precocious than other species. With proper nutrition, young animals at the age of two months can reach a weight of 2.5 kg. One meat-type duck can produce 35-40 ducklings in a year. The meat type includes the following breeds of ducks: Peking, white Moscow, Rouen, gray Ukrainian, black white-breasted. Egg-laying ducks weigh less than meat and general-purpose ducks.

But in terms of egg production, they can be compared with chickens. Ducks of the general use type are distinguished by good egg production (which is still somewhat lower than that of “specialized” breeds) and excellent meat qualities. Although they gain weight more slowly than meat ducks. By two months, the weight of ducklings of the general use type reaches 1.5 kg. The best representatives are left to be raised for breeding, while others are taken for meat. The most common breeds of this species include the Orpington and Khaki Campbell.

Muscovy and Peking ducks are of great interest for keeping and breeding. Depending on the color of the plumage, several types of musky ducks are distinguished. These include blue whitewings, black whitewings, blue whitewings, blue, black, black and white, white, blue and white. The drake and musk duck have fairly similar colors. The white variety is distinguished by its snow-white plumage, red beak and black marigold, orange-yellow legs, and red growths. The weight of adult ducks reaches 3 kg, and drakes - twice as much.

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They lay up to 120 eggs per year. The incubation period averages 35 days. Muscovy duck meat is tender and lean, reminiscent of wild duck meat in taste. Due to their low egg production, Muscovy ducks are used primarily for breeding hybrids (the so-called mullards). The best fattening is for hybrids bred by crossing musk drakes with ducks of the Rouen, Orpinton and a number of other breeds, as well as with their crosses. By the age of two months, such mullards gain about 5 kg of weight with relatively low feed costs.

The most popular are Peking ducks. These birds have large, wide heads, orange beaks, low legs, white plumage, a long, slightly raised body, and a wide, deep chest. The prevalence of Peking ducks is explained by the fact that the egg-laying cycle of ducks of this species has much in common with that of chickens. Ducks of other breeds lay up to 80 eggs per year. Moreover, laying is carried out twice a year - in spring and autumn, 35-40 eggs for each period. Peking ducks lay about 170 eggs per year, which increases the laying period to nine months with proper care, good nutrition and the right light conditions.

If you plan to hatch 230-250 ducklings per year, you will need at least two families. A duck family includes one drake for 3-5 ducks. Thus, for a mini farm you will need to purchase at least ten adult individuals. Ducks are used for 6-8 days. In order to receive meat throughout the year, new ducklings are purchased every two months. The number of “batches” of birds that you can raise directly depends on the region (or rather, on the length of daylight hours).

For example, in the middle zone of our country it is quite possible to raise up to four batches of ducklings per season. If you prefer not meat, but egg-laying or general use breeds, then take into account the fact that egg production in birds of the second year of use will be significantly higher, weeks in younger ducks. When replacing old stock, it is recommended to purchase young stock bred in the spring. Moreover, new birds should not be older than six months. Birds are selected based on external characteristics (exterior characteristics), taking into account age and live weight, which must correspond to breed standards. The plumage of ducks should be smooth and shiny. Birds must have a strong constitution.

Choosing a legal form for a farming business

If the planned volume of your production exceeds five tons of meat per year and you intend to sell your products through stores, retail chains, and also supply them to catering establishments (and therefore will have to certify the farm and the meat produced on it), then you will need to register as individual entrepreneur or organize a private agricultural enterprise. In the latter case, you will be entitled to certain tax benefits, but keep in mind that in practice many of them will not be so easy to achieve.

State registration of peasant farms (peasant farms) is carried out in the same manner as was established for state registration of individuals as individual entrepreneurs. In this case, only the farm manager is registered. To do this, he must submit the following documents to the registration authority:

application for registration (form established by law);

agreement on the creation of a peasant (farm) enterprise (if there is a need for it);

a copy of the main identification document of the head of the farm (passport);

document confirming payment of state duty (original);

copies of documents confirming the relationship/property of members of the peasant farm.

Please note: an application for transition to a special tax regime (USN or tax for agricultural producers) is submitted simultaneously when submitting documents for registration of a farm. Then the selected mode can be applied from the moment of registration of the peasant farm.

A farm is registered by the authorized body at the place of permanent registration (registration) of the head of the farm. Its deadline is on average five working days from the date of submission of documents. As a result, you will receive a Certificate of state registration of the head of a peasant farm, a Certificate of registration with the territorial tax authority, an extract from the Unified State Register of Individual Entrepreneurs and an information letter from the State Statistics Committee with OKVED codes.

If you are opening a mini-farm at first and cannot produce two tons of meat per year, then in this case it is more advisable to create a personal subsidiary plot (LPH). The procedure for its organization is extremely simple. You will need to obtain from the local government authority (in our case, the administration of a rural settlement or dacha association) a certificate confirming that you own or lease a plot of land. In the case of private household plots, you do not need to pay taxes or deal with paperwork. But, strictly speaking, you also do not have the right to engage in entrepreneurship to the fullest extent. In fact, private household plots can only sell surplus products produced by them for personal needs.

Poultry is usually sold through markets and directly to restaurants. The first option is suitable if you have the opportunity to stand at the market or have familiar sellers who will sell meat at the outlet. Selling meat through markets is more profitable than small wholesale, since the difference in price per 1 kg in the first and second cases can sometimes differ significantly.

As for restaurants, duck is of greatest interest to them. Unlike other types of poultry, duck dishes are considered a delicacy and are in great demand. However, it is advisable to negotiate supplies not with one catering establishment, but with several at once. It will be much more profitable, although more difficult. It will take a lot of time. And, in addition, most cafes and restaurants prefer to purchase products from wholesale suppliers rather than directly from manufacturers.

In order to sell your poultry meat, you need to obtain a number of documents. First of all, before slaughter, you must arrange with a local veterinarian for a clinical examination of the animals and obtain a certificate of such examination. Then, after slaughter, the veterinarian issues another certificate that the bird was healthy and the slaughter was carried out taking into account all requirements.

Then, at the regional veterinary station, you will need to obtain a veterinary certificate for transporting goods to the market and carry out a veterinary and sanitary examination of the shipment. After its passage, an oval brand is placed on the carcasses (experts advise placing it on the legs, and not on the carcass itself, so as not to spoil the presentation). Then, on the market, the state veterinary laboratory issues a permit to trade. In some cases, it may require a re-examination. Please keep in mind that this list of required documents and how you obtain them may vary by region.

Costs and income of a duck farm

It’s good if you already have your own farm with the necessary buildings or you rent it. If you have to build poultry houses from scratch, then the payback period will increase by at least 6-10 months.

To calculate feed costs for raising ducks, keep in mind that to gain one kilogram of body weight, a duck requires 3.5 kg of feed. Accordingly, for 230-250 ducks, at least two tons of feed will be required.

As a rule, ducks are raised until they are two months old, and then, when the weight of the young animals exceeds 2.5 kg, they are slaughtered. Keeping birds longer than this period becomes unprofitable. Thus, 10 kg of feed is required per bird. The average cost of feed is 10 rubles per kilogram. Additional costs for raising a duck are 20 rubles per individual (transport costs, lighting costs). Based on this, you can determine the cost of one duck at 90-100 rubles. The cost of raising 230 ducks amounts to 23,000 rubles.

The average market price of duck meat is about 200 rubles per kilogram. Depending on the region and other factors, it may fluctuate up or down. The average weight of one young duck carcass is 2.5 kg. You can sell it for 500 rubles, and the net profit from the sale of the batch will be 100 thousand rubles. The profitability of such a business is 65% or higher. However, the joy is somewhat overshadowed by the fact that you can raise 230-250 birds within a year. And in this case, a profit of 100 thousand rubles no longer seems big at all (less than 10 thousand rubles per month).

So, we can conclude that the business of breeding and raising ducks will become profitable only if the number of the flock increases by at least ten times. The starting capital in this case will be from 350 thousand rubles. Additional profit will come from the sale of breeding birds and young animals to other farms. The payback period for such a business is six months.

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Duck farming is the main component of agriculture. Breeding ducks as a business is a profitable business that requires a lot of labor from the entrepreneur. The profitability of an idea is determined by creating a detailed business plan.

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Description and products of the farm

Duck farming as a business is one of the first successful ideas that achieved high profitability in Europe. In Russia, duck farming is a poorly developed niche. Duck meat allows an entrepreneur to make high profits and raise an indefinite number of birds.

The main way to earn money is by selling duck meat

Relevance

Relevance of the farm:

• the ability to sell duck meat at a reduced cost to retailers;
• increasing demand for meat in Russia due to sanctions from Europe;
• high profit after 2 years of uninterrupted operation of the farm;
• Poultry takes less time to raise compared to other types of meat.

Market description and analysis

On the Russian market, duck meat production is about 125 thousand tons. Compared to 2017, the amount of duck meat produced increased by 19% (according to the annual report of the Ministry of Agriculture). The supply of this type of meat in the medium and small segments increased to 40.7 thousand tons according to the BusinesStat report.

According to forecasts for 2020, it is planned to increase the amount of duck meat sold to 80.9 thousand tons.

Shares of companies in the duck farming market:

Donstar LLC is a leader in the production of duck meat - they own a 5% share of the total market.

Market share by sector:

• industrial meat processing - 15%;
• hospitality and catering industry - 50%;
• the remaining market share is held by retailers.

The capital's market accounts for about 60% of all duck meat production. Accordingly, competition in Moscow is extremely high.

Small Business Analysis:

1. In total, there are over 3,000 poultry breeding enterprises in Russia. Of these, only 12% fully pays off within 2 years. Almost 60% of companies have the legal form of LLC. The rest are individual entrepreneurs.
2. 4.5% of enterprises purchased franchises to quickly launch projects. About 70% of small businesses use poultry houses (equipment for storing ducks) up to 25 square meters in size. m. The remaining part of the companies invests in large poultry houses, rented or purchased.
3. The cost of raising ducks consists of combined feed. As a rule, this is the main expense item for all small companies. This is followed by the supply of ducks and storage space.

On average, it takes approximately 40-50 days to fatten one duck.

Small production enterprises spend 75% of the allocated funds on creating their own combined feed workshop. This solution reduces the cost of feed by 6.5%. Only 3% of enterprises employ experienced farmers to supervise the production and rearing of ducks.

Almost the vast majority of enterprises purchase only two types of ducks:

• young individuals requiring careful feeding;
• breeding ducks, accustomed to living together with their relatives.

Main breeds of ducks:

• Beijing;
• mallard;
• domesticated western;
• musky American.

The target audience

The main buyer is the retail consumer in the agricultural sector (less often, enterprise managers). This means that sales will be conducted directly with the seller.

Other Buyers:

• industrial processing companies;
• small retailers;
• buyers from .

Portrait of a potential buyer:

• private buyer over 40 years of age;
• average earnings;
• entrepreneur in the hotel and restaurant business.

Competitive advantages

To obtain a good position in the market you will need:

• establish in regional regions (Moscow region);
• offer services through online stores;
• provide discounts to regular customers;
• selling Peking duck at a reduced price.

Advertising campaign

• third-party online stores selling poultry meat;
• social networks dealing with the issue of raising ducks and other birds;
• contacting famous restaurants and cafes;
• publications on the pages of famous bloggers;
• advertising from production companies;
• participation in agricultural fairs and exhibitions;
• cold calling for retailers.

Step-by-step opening instructions

To properly organize a business, you will need clear instructions.

Action plan:

1. Collection of documentation for opening an enterprise.
2. Purchase and delivery of ducks.
3. Renovation of premises and purchase of equipment.
4. Ordering bird food products.
5. Hiring staff.
6. Start of activity

Do you need documents?

First, you need to register an LLC if you plan to acquire a decent number of ducks. Otherwise, you will have to limit yourself to creating an individual entrepreneur. In case of lack of funds, it is recommended to open a peasant farm. Then, the business leader - a farmer - can take advantage of investments from the state or a separate municipal body.

List of documents for opening an individual entrepreneur:

• applicant's passport;
• completed form form P21001;
• bank account;
• receipt of payment of state duty.

Place of application: Federal Tax Service of the Russian Federation.

If money is limited, you can start growing it at home. Then the sale of products is allowed only to acquaintances or friends without paperwork.

The choice of taxation is a simplified tax system (income minus expenses). Activity code according to the classification: OKVED 01.47.1 - raising and breeding birds.

Additional documents:

• health book for staff;
• certificates from a veterinarian and vaccinations for birds;
• conclusion of a laboratory examination for a sales permit;
• technical documents for transport transporting animals.

Place of application: veterinary center at the place of registration of the enterprise.

The total time for registration of individual entrepreneurs and permitting documents is 1.5 months.

Buying ducks

Places of purchase:

• verified online stores;
• agro-industrial enterprises;
• bulletin boards from financial funds;
• platforms for free sales (Avito).

The number of ducks is at least 30 for each species. It is recommended to purchase three or more breeds.

Breed selection

Best selling duck breeds:

• Beijing;
• Moscow white;
• muscuan;
• Rouen;
• gray Ukrainian;
• black white-breasted;
• Star 53.

Requirements for breeding ducks:

• choose only one breed of duck for quick breeding;
• the individual should be large, but not fat;
• the plumage is of a smooth type (the shine from the feathers is an indicator of the best quality).

White Moscow Muscovy duck Gray Ukrainian

Price

Prices for the main breeds of ducks.

Ducklings of each breed cost 5% less than the indicated prices.

Arrangement

Features for duck cage decoration:

• the area norm for one individual is 0.33 square meters. m;
• hole up to 10 cm high;
• total height no more than 2 meters;
• width is 1.5 meters;
• walking area of ​​at least 30 sq. m.

Optional equipment

• a fence to enclose the walking area;
• canopy up to 10 sq. m;
• artificial reservoirs.

Standard room Closed room Temporary poultry house

Poultry house for fattening ducklings

To raise young animals, small poultry houses with feeders should be built.

Characteristics of the duckling house:

• front wall height - 1.8 m;
• rear wall height - 1 m;
• installation of a forced ventilation system to supply warm air;
• special bedding for the floor in winter.

The approximate number of ducklings placed in an aviary measuring 20 square meters. m. - 40-50 pieces.

Poultry house for breeding birds

Characteristics of the aviary for breeding ducks:

• content norm per 1 sq. m. - 1 duck;
• maintenance of at least 2 married couples;
• 1 drake per 4 ducks;
• hole size 35x45 cm;
• The total size of the poultry house is 50 square meters. m;
• box for arranging nests measuring 40x50 cm.

In total, it is customary to keep up to 10 drakes.

Aviary for walking

The rule has been established - 1 square meter for two individuals. m. For example, to keep 1500 ducks, you need 800 sq. m. Also, do not forget about fencing the enclosure with a fence and placing a mesh on top for protection.

Equipment

Purchased equipment to create a farm:

Feeding

Specification for feeding ducks:

Total feeding you will need:

• 15 tons of feed;
• up to 3 months until the duck is fully grown;
• total cost - 150,000 rubles.

The duck's diet consists of three types of food:

• mixed vegetables and herbs (wet food);
• dry food;
• mineral supplements for growth.

Duck breeding

Basic rules for running a livestock business:

1. Buy food.
2. Buy ducks.
3. After the first month, you need to order a new batch of ducks.
4. Re-order raw materials for feed.
5. Sales of the party.

If you breed 1500 ducks, you will need:

• 8-10 drakes;
• no more than 50 females.

In one calendar year, the farm produces about 8,000 ducklings.

The general rule is that 1 drake is needed to fertilize 5 females.

Peak sexual activity lasts 2 months. Maturity is reached at the 6th month.

Video material on the secrets of breeding breeding ducks.

Financial plan

To form a financial plan, you need to calculate:

• starting investments;
• regular expenses;
• income.

Starting investments

Expense items for the first year.

Regular expenses

Monthly expenses:

Income

Generation of income for one calendar year:

Calendar plan

Action plan.

Product sales planning.

Risks and payback

Main business risks.

The payback period for the project is 1.5 years for a farm of 1,500 ducks. Small farms - no more than 100 ducks, pay for themselves in 2.5 years. Medium-sized farms (up to 500 ducks) typically recover all costs in just one year.