Business plan for growing potatoes. How to turn potato farming into a profitable business

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Potatoes are the first food product in demand for 90% of the population of our country. The root crop is used to prepare a huge number of dishes, from soups to unique recipes for boiling and frying the fruit. That is why the demand for root crops exceeds supply. Shops are forced to buy goods from abroad, so farmers have a huge potential for selling their own products. A business plan for growing potatoes involves serious analytical and organizational measures, which in the end will certainly lead to a quick return on investment and labor.

Description of the potato growing business

The potato business is relevant in that it provides for the cultivation of a universal product consumed by all segments of the population. The absence of problems with the distribution channel implies unlimited income, depending only on the area of ​​\u200b\u200bthe site and the capabilities of the entrepreneur.

Advantages

Positive aspects of potato growing:

• demand - potatoes are consumed by everyone, from young children to the elderly in old age;
• high profitability - indicators are always higher than similar types of business, including the retail trade in essential food products;
• minimal investment - a serious waste of funds is implied only at the initial stage of the business, when the business develops from scratch, the acquisition (lease) of a land plot, special equipment, storage space and much more is required. But these are only one-time expenses that pay off in the future due to the lack of investments, except for the maintenance of equipment and the remuneration of employees;
• the absence of special and expensive technologies in the application - potatoes are grown in ordinary soil with the use of a minimum amount of fertilizer;
• 100% realization - you should not think that part of the product will deteriorate, and even more so, lay risks in the sales price. There will always be buyers for root crops;
• the possibility of doubling capital by selling potatoes in the winter - this is due to the fact that in winter and closer to spring the price of vegetables increases significantly due to the end of stocks from most suppliers. If you equip a room for storing products properly or grow potatoes in greenhouse conditions, then you can make a profit all year round.

Reference: there are no disadvantages in the potato growing business, if we do not talk about high competition, which ultimately seriously affects the value of purchase prices. There are two ways out of the situation - to correctly calculate the financial plan so that the profit is present in any case, or to find a reliable supplier who purchases the entire batch at once.

The listed advantages are only a small part of what the potato business will bring to the entrepreneur. Depending on the needs, you can remain a successful farmer who has enough proceeds to provide for himself and his family. The alternative is to expand the business and withdraw the supply of products to near and far abroad.

Technology

Growing potatoes does not provide for special technologies or features, although there are many of them. For example, the Dutch system involves the creation of high furrows at the growth stage of a bush so that it is maximally covered with earth.

All technologies are reduced to a single algorithm of actions:

1. Purchasing seeds for planting - potatoes should be large, of the same variety and compatible with the selected soil type. For example, one type of root crop shows excellent results on sandy soil, and the other - only on black soil. It is not forbidden to grow several varieties at the same time if they are compatible with the soil. The site needs demarcation.
2. Cultivation of the land - the soil is plowed, processed from weeds, pests and fertilized. To increase the yield, it is recommended not to use the site for any crops for 1 year.
3. Planting potatoes is a simple process that involves placing seeds in the soil using special equipment.
4. Root care - the first shoots appear after 3-4 weeks. At this time, the period for weeding begins. Subsequently, the bushes are spudded, processed from the Colorado potato beetle and weeds.
5. The final stage is harvesting and transportation to storage.

Reference: despite the fact that the technology of growing potatoes does not provide for difficulties, it requires constant monitoring and care of plants. In the dry season, it will be useful to organize an irrigation system.

Risk assessment

There are not so many risks in the potato business, but they are present:

• low-quality seed material - at the stage of purchase, it is extremely difficult to distinguish a good product from a bad one. The result is a low yield and a loss-making start of the business. The way out is cooperation with trusted suppliers who have a good reputation in the market and recommendations from other manufacturers;
• weather conditions - drought or a long period of rains lead to a decrease in yield. And if during a drought it is possible to organize at least a minimal irrigation system, then one cannot escape from an excess of moisture during a prolonged rainy period, which leads to rotting of root crops;
• competition is a serious risk leading to a decrease in the cost of goods. The way out is to search for regular buyers at a fixed price that does not depend on the market.

Reference: the problem of competition can be solved by growing high-quality potatoes using special technologies. The goods are sold at an inflated price to plants and factories for the production of baby food, chips; in a network of cafes and restaurants.

How much can you earn growing potatoes?

If we discard the stages of investment and starting a business, then we can calculate the approximate cost of earning on potatoes:

• the bush grows from one planted potato;
• bush yield - 2-2.5 kg;
• seedling weight - 100 g;
• estimated cost of seeds - 40 rubles / kg;
• the cost of purchasing 1,000 kg of seedlings - 40,000 rubles;
• income from one bush (seedling) - 80 rubles;
• gross profit from the harvest - 3 million rubles.

Calculations are approximate, not taking into account the error in damage to products at the time of growth and the cost of equipment and work. By purchasing a kilogram of potatoes for planting for 40 rubles, the entrepreneur receives an income in the form of 20 kg of crop, which, in terms of money, is 500-700 rubles, depending on the cost of implementation.

Business registration

First you need to decide on the status of entrepreneurial activity - IP or LLC. In a situation where it is meant to grow potatoes on your own for retail sale, you can do without paperwork at all. But it should be understood that this type of business is not entirely legal, and also provides for minimum volumes in the form of 10-20 bags of potatoes for sale at the fair.

Sole proprietorship is the best option for small and medium businesses. The status is distinguished by ease of registration and low state duty.

A limited liability company is a legal entity that provides for serious business with high turnover of products.

Reference: if potato cultivation is the first experience in the field of entrepreneurship, then it is better to choose an individual entrepreneur. In the future, you can always switch to another form, depending on your preferences and scale of activity.

Choosing a taxation system

Agricultural tax can be used by those entrepreneurs whose profit is above 70% of gross income. In this case, the fee is only 6% of the difference between net and dirty earnings. Considering that this is a single tax, such contributions as personal income tax, VAT, income tax and property tax are excluded.

The single imputed tax differs in that the amount of profit and production costs are not taken into account, since the contributions are determined by the state on the basis of the data provided. Due to this, you can save money when the actual profit is much higher than the potential one. However, next year the tax will be revised, so it is recommended to submit approximately the same information.

OKVED codes

When registering entrepreneurial activity, you should select OKVED codes. "01.11.2" is suitable for growing potatoes. It includes not only the specified type of employment, but also other root crops, as well as seeds and elite products.

Documentation

To open an individual entrepreneur, you only need an application, a passport and a TIN. After contacting the tax service, you need to wait 5 days and pick up ready-made documents for doing business.

In the future, an examination of products, premises for storing potatoes, as well as certificates for processing facilities will be required. All documentation is issued by Rospotrebnadzor and the Ministry of Emergency Situations.

organizational plan

The main aspect in organizational activities is the selection of a land plot and its preparation. In the future, you need to take care of technology, personnel and the search for distribution channels.

Site selection and soil preparation

A plot of land is selected taking into account its remoteness from the settlement and fertility. And if it is practically impossible to check the second option (the problem is solved by fertilizing the soil), then the distance to the allotment plays an important role. This is due to both the fuel consumption for equipment and the duration of the delivery of finished products to the storage or point of sale.

Land can be bought or leased from the state, which is much more preferable. The minimum area is 10 hectares with a lease term of up to 49 years.

Soil preparation begins in the autumn period, when the site is plowed up and gets rid of weeds. Fertilizers are applied according to the instructions, otherwise the opposite effect will occur instead of the harvest.

Potato planting is carried out in spring in April-May at a constant soil temperature of 8-10 degrees.

Staff

An entrepreneur cannot cope with a large plot alone, so workers are needed in any case. It is recommended to hire permanent staff for the season instead of people who want to earn extra money for 2-3 weeks. It will come out a little more expensive, but there will be confidence in quality work.

The number of employees directly depends on the area of ​​land. In any case, you will need:

• mechanic-driver of equipment - 2 people;
• handymen - 6-8 people;
• security guards - 2 people.

The administrative part goes to the owner of the business.

Equipment

List of necessary equipment:

• tractor for arable land;
• potato planter;
• harvesting machine;
• equipment for periodic treatment of bushes from weeds;
• sorting machine.

You can use a rented room as storage or build your own building.

Search for marketing channels for potatoes

It is necessary to look for buyers for products almost from the moment the seeds are planted, because this is a long and laborious process.

Distribution channel options:

1. Wholesale depots are the best solution for large crops. Minus - low prices.
2. Dealers - in the network and newspapers there are advertisements for the wholesale purchase of potatoes. It makes sense to contact some representatives and find out about the terms of cooperation.
3. Personal offers - cafes, restaurants, catering places. Owners of all areas are interested in purchasing quality goods at a low cost.
4. Retail trade - with large crop volumes, it is impossible to sell it entirely at retail, but it would be useful to participate in fairs and agricultural bazaars. In a short time, up to half of the entire crop can be sold at a price that differs from the wholesale price by 1.5-2 times.

Reference: before selling, potatoes are cleaned of soil and packed in bags of the same volume. The mesh is best suited so that the root crops "breathe". Storage temperature - no higher than 4-6 degrees.

Financial plan

When organizing a potato growing business, it is necessary to calculate in detail the costs at each stage. The largest investments are expected at the start, since the business is opened from scratch.

Initial business investment and operating expenses

Spending at the start (in rubles):

• paperwork - 20,000;
• land lease - if the land is leased from the state, then it is enough to pay land tax. Otherwise, the land must be bought, because the rent from the owner will be too expensive;
• equipment - 1.5 million;
• seedlings - 50,000;
• storage lease for a year - 100,000;
• additional expenses - 50,000.

Result: 1 million 720 thousand rubles.

Subsequent expenses include only the payment of salaries to employees, the maintenance of equipment and the purchase of fuel and lubricants. From May to September (5 months) it is necessary to pay workers (12 people) 300,000 rubles (at the rate of 25,000 per person).

Spending on other needs will amount to 200,000 rubles.

Result: 500,000 rubles.

Income

Profit depends on the area of ​​the site. For example, if we take the standard size of 10 hectares, then the yield will be 15-20 tons per 1 ha. In total - 200 tons per site.

Gross profit from the sale of potatoes at a price of 15-17 rubles reaches 3.4 million rubles.

Net income - 3,400,000-1,720,000-500,000 \u003d 1,118,000 rubles.

The amount is approximate, because taxes must be deducted from it. Moreover, if we imagine that half of the harvest is sold at retail at a price of 25-30 rubles, then net income will increase to 2 million rubles.

Profitability

In the first year, the business is only able to cover the cost of equipment and get a little plus. But starting from the second year, the expenses will only concern staff salaries and small expenses, and income will remain the same or will grow.

Profitability - the ratio of net profit to dirty, multiplied by 100%.

1.18/3.4*100=35%

Potato is one of the most successful and profitable types of plants to grow for the purpose of sale. Undoubtedly, the preparatory stages require serious investments, but the business outlook is much brighter than in any other industry.

The potato farming business has a profitable income. Many people make money growing it. However, to build a successful, sustainable potato business, you need to have sufficient knowledge of how to grow potatoes efficiently. This article shows you how to write a ready-made potato growing business plan from scratch. Recommendations are also given for management skills.

First of all, good potato production starts with good land selection. The product can be grown in various types of soil. However, alkaline soils and saline soils are not suitable for this. The earth must also have the correct structure. A good structure ensures good water penetration into the soil and drainage, gas exchange, optimal root development.

Loose soils are good for the potato growing business because they offer the least resistance to tuber expansion. The most suitable types are loamy and sandy soils, rich in organic matter, with good drainage and aeration.

Another factor to consider is soil pH, as it should ideally be in the 5.2-6.4 range for optimal growth. You will have problems with common scab if you plant potatoes in high pH soils. If grown in soils with a lower pH value than the recommended range, potatoes will produce poor quality strawberries and have abnormal growth. So, before you make a step by step potato growing business plan, you need to check if the soil is suitable for farming or not.

Moreover, growing potatoes also requires extensive soil preparation. Potatoes need to be harrowed until they are completely free of weed roots. Your business plan for growing and selling potatoes should consider the cost of buying or renting land.

Machinery and equipment

The machinery and equipment you need for your potato growing business will depend on the scale of your operation. You can take.

Potato business may involve:

• tractors;
• harvesters;
• sprayers;
• fertilizer spreading equipment;
• irrigation machines;
• excavators;
• scales;
• bunkers, etc.

Most farmers usually hire large machines such as tractors when they want to use them rather than buying them because they are expensive. Mesh for irrigation systems may also be required. Entrepreneurs, especially in rural areas who do not have modern agricultural equipment, use livestock equipment for potato production.

The more mechanized your potato farm is, the more efficient the operations and the profitability of your potato growing business. A business plan for growing potatoes at home should include the costs of acquiring and renting various machinery and equipment. Some entrepreneurs manage to win. In this case, personal equipment costs are significantly reduced.

Agricultural inputs

First of all, growing potatoes for sale requires a variety of agricultural materials. One obvious requirement is seeds. There are many varieties of varieties that are used in different regions. They differ in color, shape, yield, texture and ripening time. Your choice will be determined by seed availability, yield, disease resistance and target market. It is important that you buy potato seeds from certified suppliers. If you buy poor quality seeds, the product will not grow to its full potential and you will have a low yield. Potato cultivation takes 14-20 weeks to mature depending on its type.

Other agricultural inputs include herbicides to effectively control weeds on your farm. Pesticides and fungicides are essential to protect plants from insects and fungi. Fertilizers serve to support efficient growth by providing all the nutrients the potatoes need. The cost of acquiring all of these materials should be included in the .

Hiring workers

When you are in the potato business, you will need to hire part-time workers.

First of all, it is necessary to do:

• line marking;
• weed shoots;
• plowing;
• landing;
• sorting and packing;
• treatment with herbicides and pesticides.

Part-time wages will be paid based on the number of days worked. You can also hire a farm manager, accountant and logistics staff depending on the scale of your potato growing business. The wages of your workers should be included in your potato farming business plan.

Market analysis

The potato growing market is very large and constantly growing. And this has a lot of advantages. The annual global demand is 390 million tons. It's a lot! Moreover, you can sell your potatoes to individual households, schools, restaurants, hotels, companies, supermarkets, organizations, etc. The business plan must also include the right marketing strategy. It is better to plan your sales in advance than to make them spontaneous or from time to time.

Potatoes have always been and will continue to be in high demand, which means that a business based on the cultivation of this particular crop will be profitable. We will tell you how to start it correctly in the article.

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Decor

In the modern world, only two organizational and legal forms of organization are defined for such a business:

1. private household plot- private household. This form is suitable for entrepreneurs who grow a small amount of potatoes on their own land. Such an enterprise does not need to be registered, taxes are not collected from it. The final product of the enterprise can be sold on the market wholesale or retail.
2. IP- individual entrepreneur. This form is suitable for owners of household plots who decide to expand their production and apply other schemes for selling goods. A farm growing potatoes must be registered under the code 1.13.21 “Production of agricultural products”. Registration under this code will allow the entrepreneur to use a more favorable taxation scheme such as the Unified Agricultural Tax (only 6% of net profit).

What do you need to get started?

A businessman who decides to seriously take up the cultivation of this crop must not only register an enterprise. He needs to provide the enterprise with the following necessary resources.

Earth

Of course, in order to plant potatoes, you need to know not only how to do it, but also where to plant it.

To organize your own agricultural business, an entrepreneur can use the following methods:

• buy the necessary piece of land;
• rent land.

planting material

The key to the success of the business being created and a large harvest, first of all, lies in the right choice of material for planting. Planting potatoes must certainly be of high quality, then the entrepreneur will be able not only to grow a good crop and seed for the next planting.

You can buy tubers using the following sales points:

1. shop.

The purchased variety can be planted for several years until the variety degenerates. Purchased tubers must be the same size and shape.

Equipment

If we consider an agricultural company that grows potatoes in non-industrial volumes, but only for personal use and sale on the market, on a plot of about 0.3 hectares, then the following set of machinery and equipment will be required:

• mini-tractor or simple walk-behind tractor;
• plow;
• body for a tractor;
• hiller;
• an additional device for a mini-tractor that allows you to dig up potatoes.

The amount of expenses for the purchase of equipment will be about 60 thousand rubles.

Fertilizers to ensure soil fertility

Without fertilizing the soil, it is impossible to grow a good crop with a sufficient size of tubers and a large weight.

Fertile black soil is not present on every plot of land, so farmers fertilize the kidney with the following substances:

1. ammonium sulfate;
2. potassium sulfate;
3. potassium superphosphate;
4. potassium permanganate;
5. litter;
6. biohumus;
7. ash.

The purchase of such a set of fertilizers will result in costs of about 17 rubles per 1 square meter of land.

Pest protection

The main enemy of potatoes is the Colorado potato beetle, but farmers do not advise spraying bushes ahead of time, due to the effect of chemicals on the growth of bushes. But, despite the fact that it is impossible to spray, you will have to constantly check the bushes for the absence of pests. For the purchase of funds to combat this pest, the entrepreneur will spend about 2.5 thousand rubles for every 30 acres.

Stages of growing potatoes

Growing potatoes is an agricultural business with a high payback. The time for which the culture goes through a full growing cycle is only 4 months.

The growing process itself consists of the following main stages:

1. preparation of tubers for subsequent planting;
2. soil preparation for planting crops;
3. disembarkation process;
4. hilling planted tubers;
5. soil fertilizer;
6. pest control activities;
7. harvesting the grown crop;
8. storage of harvested tubers;
9. packaging of final products;
10. potato sales.

Peculiarities

A business based on growing potatoes requires strict adherence to the growing algorithm. The volume of the harvest certainly depends on various factors, including air temperature and natural precipitation that are independent of the agrarian. If the farmer can make up for the lack of moisture, then the excess of sunlight cannot be ruled out. The lack of sunlight, of course, will not kill the crop, but it will make it small and deprive it of a marketable appearance.

Choose a site for planting potatoes, taking into account such unregulated factors.

Preparing the site for landing

Before the start of planting, which takes place in May in Russian latitudes, the soil is loosened and all weeds are removed. Do a similar treatment with a shovel or using a plow with a tractor as a draft force, depending on how large the plot has.

Seed preparation

Planting tubers must be greened by placing them in a bright place for 20 days. This method improves the ability of the crop to germinate and also prevents the material from rotting without growth.

After germination, the tubers are transferred to a dark place for 1–3 days at a high level of humidity and plus air temperature of no more than 3 degrees.

Before planting, green tubers must be removed from a dark room and allowed to germinate. The size of the sprout before planting should be more than 10 mm.

If large tubers are planted, then they must be cut into pieces, each of which will have two eyes or more. Cutting is done right before the start of germination, and the places of the cut should be sprinkled with ash, which will prevent infection of the planting material.

planting potatoes

In Russia, in its middle lane, landing begins in May, but in warmer regions, this process may occur in March or April. In northern latitudes, tubers are planted in June. Before landing, the earth should warm up and its temperature should reach 8 degrees.

I plant tubers to a depth of 10-15 cm. The distance between the bushes should be at least 10 cm, the gap between rows should be about 0.8-1 m.

plant care

Care procedures include the following:

• 14 days after planting, weeds are removed from the beds. Bushes spud, making sure that the crest of the soil above the planting material is no more than 10 cm.
• During the flowering period, the bushes must be sprayed with chemical solutions in order to protect the greens from the beetle.
• Watering the site is carried out 2-3 times a week, provided there is no natural moisture.
• During the dry season, watering is done daily.
• In order to maintain soil fertility after harvesting potatoes, it is sown with clover, sunflowers or corn.
• Harvesting takes place immediately after ripening.
• The harvested crop should be stored in dry rooms specially designed for this purpose.

Sales of harvested crops

To sell potatoes, you can use one of the following methods:

1. Sell ​​your product on the market. This option is the most beneficial for the entrepreneur, but it will take a huge amount of time, which farmers already lack. In this case, you can go two ways:
   1. appoint one of the employees responsible for the sale of products;
   2. store the crop until autumn and sell it in the winter, when there is practically no work on the land. In winter, the price of such products is much higher, but this method is real only if the farmer has suitable warehouses.
2. Give grown products for sale or sell everything at a wholesale price sellers who have been selling agricultural products for a long time. This method is fast, convenient and often quite profitable.
3. Sale to wholesale buyers or purveyors. If the crop obtained after harvest is sufficiently voluminous. Despite the fact that the price in this case will not be so high, but the farmer will be able to sell everything in one fell swoop.
4. Selling goods directly to stores. The most profitable way to sell. In this case, clean, washed potatoes packaged in bags are especially appreciated.

If the farmer has a large enough plot, then you should take care of the sales markets in advance by contacting wholesalers and discussing the terms of cooperation with them. After making such arrangements, the farmer can devote himself to cultivation without worrying about marketing problems.

The financial side of the issue

Starting this type of growing business involves some material investments that will go towards:

• purchase of planting material 0.5 tons - $ 700;
• purchase of fertilizers and chemicals- about 200 dollars;
• rental of equipment for soil development– 10 dollars per hour;
• final product packaging- 75 dollars;
• fuel- 500 dollars;
• employee salaries- 500 dollars;
• warehouse rental- $1,000 per month.

  Thus, the total start-up costs will be equal to 3.5 thousand dollars. With quality planting, proper care and flowering of the crop, a farmer can get about 20 tons of potatoes, which will cost 5 thousand dollars, or maybe even more.

Pros and cons of the potato business

The benefits of this type of farming include:

1. in the case of growing a small batch of potatoes, the complete absence of tax deductions;
2. fertile rural soil may not be fertilized at all;
3. low cost of organic fertilizers;
4. the possibility of using the greenery of the bush for processing and applying to the soil as a fertilizer;
5. low utility bills;
6. unpretentiousness of potatoes to growing conditions;
7. low cost of pesticides;
8. debugged, simple and clear growing technology;
9. the demand for potatoes is not seasonal, but year-round;
10. payback period less than six months;
11. small starting capital.

This kind of activity also has its drawbacks:

1. the harvest directly depends on weather conditions, which the farmer is not always able to correct;
2. pests can destroy the crop, but the modern market offers many inexpensive means of dealing with them;
3. low-quality planting material can ruin the entire crop;
4. the business is seasonal, so the farmer and his employees will need a winter part-time job.

Everyone knows what a potato is in Russia. It is the most consumed vegetable in our kitchens. Remember the film “Girls”, where the cook told a brigade of lumberjacks what can be made from potatoes. One can even say that the potato is a strategic product for our country, so its cultivation, as well as the purchase of seed stock, is supported by the state.

After the collapse of the collective farms, many rural residents became farmers and began to grow potatoes. But as the cost of fuel and the worn-out fleet of equipment grew, everything led to the fact that weak farms went bankrupt. It should also be added that in our country there is only potato cultivation, but its processing is practically absent and this is a new and large field for business development.

In our article, we will try to understand with a small example about growing potatoes as a business, or, more simply, growing potatoes for sale. How much can you earn on this seasonal business, how to develop a business plan for growing potatoes. But we will start with preparing the soil for growing potatoes, choosing planting material and fighting beetles.

Growing potatoes for sale

Seed selection

Potato varieties should be carefully selected for planting. Varieties that are grown in Belarus are completely unsuitable for planting in the Urals, etc. For cultivation, early-ripening, mid-ripening and universal varieties of potatoes are used.

Consider potato varieties on the example of the Ural region. The varieties “Governor”, ​​“Vineta”, “Lyubava”, “Snegir”, “White Spring” belong to the early varieties. Ripening occurs in 60-70 days, the yield is from 270 to 400 centners per hectare. Mid-season varieties - "Crown", "Lukyanovsky", "Ekvator", "Bezhitsky", "Effect", "Aspiya". Ripening 70-80 days, yield from 30 to 50 tons per hectare. The main seed material in the Urals are universal varieties. These varieties are used in household plots, they perform well under adverse weather conditions. These varieties are: “Spiridon” (red potatoes, oval, ripening 90-110 days, yield 138-278 centners per hectare) and “Sante” (yellow potatoes, smooth, ripening 80-90 days, yield 0.8-1 kilogram per bush).

The cost of seed potatoes is from 8 to 30 rubles per kilogram. In autumn, seed potatoes are cheaper, in spring more expensive. It is also not known how the seed potatoes were stored, so it is recommended to purchase them in the fall. For our calculations, we will take the cost of planting material 25 rubles per kilogram.

Technology of growing potatoes. Features of soil preparation and planting potatoes

In the Urals, potatoes are planted no earlier than mid-May, the soil temperature should warm up to 8 degrees. For planting, only sprouted potatoes are used. It is better if the planned rows of your planted potatoes are directed from north to south. This arrangement will allow you to get better lighting for potato bushes.

The distance between rows should be 70 cm, with industrial cultivation one meter is better. The depth of planting potatoes is 5-8 centimeters. It is better to pour ashes into each hole to control pests or treat planting material with it. After the potatoes have been planted, the ground should be leveled, preferably with a rake or chopper.

The best watering for potatoes is when the tubers are gaining weight, the end of June - July. Spud potatoes in the villages a month after planting, by raking the soil around the bush. According to the rules, hilling is carried out in three stages. The first - after the appearance of the first three leaves on the bush, the second 2-3 weeks after the first time, the last time - before the tops close. On large areas, as a rule, spud twice. Weeding is done as needed.

Top dressing for growing potatoes. During the shoots of the first leaves, the first top dressing is done (10 liters of water, 1 tablespoon of urea and 0.5 liters of mullein), the second top dressing during the budding period (10 liters of water, 1 tablespoon of potassium sulfate and 2-3 tablespoons of ash), the third top dressing - at the time of flowering (for 10 liters of water, 2 tablespoons of superphosphate and 200 grams of mullein or chicken manure).

Pest control

The enemies of the potato crop can be: the Colorado potato beetle, wireworm, bear and potato nematode. From late blight, the Pennkozeb or Ditan M-45 remedy is suitable (spraying during the growing season, the second at an interval of 7-14 days), from the wireworm or the Colorado potato beetle, tubers should be treated or the bottom of the furrow should be treated during planting with Taboo, etc. To save the harvest, carefully consider the choice of treatment against pests.

Our expenses under this item are mullein 3000 rubles, pest control 2000 rubles.

What does it take to start a potato growing business for sale?

If you live in a village, then you should already have tools such as a shovel, hoe and pitchfork. If you are a city resident, then first you should either buy or rent a plot of land, at least 30 acres. acres for the entire period of potato growth will cost you 3,000 rubles. If you do not have a tool in the form of a shovel or chopper, then for the calculation we take its cost in the amount of 1,000 rubles. For the initial digging of the site, its harrowing and hilling, you can use a cultivator, the cost of such a one-time service is 2,000 rubles for such a site. If you decide to constantly make money growing potatoes, we recommend that you purchase a cultivator as a property.

We accept for calculation: the lease of a plot is 3,000 rubles, the tool is 1,000 rubles, the rent of a cultivator is 6,000 rubles.

Summarizing all expenses

Rent of a land plot 3,000 rubles, tools and rent of a cultivator 7,000 rubles. Planting material (15-25 kilograms per hundred square meters) 20 kilograms per hundred square meters, the cost will be 20 * 25 * 30 \u003d 15,000 rubles. Other expenses, fuel and lubricants will amount to 5,000 rubles. Total expenses 30,000 rubles.

Calculation of profit from growing potatoes

The average potato yield is 200 kilograms per hundred square meters. We put 10% on rotten and chopped potatoes, we end up with (200 * 30) -10% \u003d 5,400 kilograms. The sale price is 15 rubles per kilogram, the revenue will be 81,000 rubles. Our estimated profit from growing potatoes on a plot of 30 acres is 51,000 rubles.

Conclusion

Many people ask - is it profitable to grow potatoes for sale? Potato business is always profitable, as this product will always find its buyer. This calculation is made for a small area, without the use of agricultural machinery and auxiliary workers, without warehousing and storing potatoes in a vegetable store. Therefore, if you decide to seriously approach the potato growing business, already on an industrial scale, possibly with further processing, then start with the main thing. The main thing in this business is to preserve the harvest, i.e. vegetable store.

Various types of business in the field of agriculture today are among the most promising. Growing potatoes is a promising and highly profitable project, but when implementing it, it is important to take into account all the nuances and strictly adhere to the developed business plan.

Business Relevance

Growing potatoes is a relevant and profitable business. Getting a high income from the project is due to the popularity of the root crop - it is eaten regularly by almost all citizens of the country. At the same time, even if a family grows potatoes on their own plot, they are not always able to provide for their own needs, so they buy root crops.

This business has certain advantages:

• growing potatoes is easy, it does not require special skills and abilities;
• the demand for the product does not depend on the season - it is consumed in large quantities all year round;
• low financial threshold for entering the business;
• quick profit - with proper organization, income will be received at the end of the first season;

and cons:

The implementation of the project will require material investments. Investments include items such as:

• plot rent - from 200,000 rubles;
• purchase of tubers for planting - 300,000 (at a cost of 15 rubles per kilogram of potatoes per 10 hectares of land);
• purchase of fertilizers - 100,000;
• organizational issues - 100,000;
• purchase of agricultural machinery - 2,500,000.

Important! You should also include in the list of costs money for the construction of a vegetable store - from 2,000,000 rubles and the amount for payments to employees.

The minimum investment amount to open your own agricultural business will be 5,200,000 rubles. Since the investments are quite large, it is necessary to competently approach the implementation of the project and study the technology of growing vegetables.

Step-by-step algorithm for organizing a business

At the decision-making stage, it is important to assess your financial capabilities - growing potatoes requires certain investments, as well as to think over the algorithm for opening an enterprise.

The first step is legal registration - the entrepreneur needs to decide on the scale of the business and choose the form of doing business:

1. If it is decided to grow root crops on your own plot on your own, then such activity is considered to be part-time personal farming and does not need official registration. But, only the farmer can sell the goods himself.
2. If the scale of cultivation is large, industrial, then it is advisable to formalize the activity, register with the Tax Authority as an individual entrepreneur, choosing the ESHN taxation system and indicating the OKEVD code 01.13.31.

Important! Trade networks and large buyers cooperate more actively with entrepreneurs, and not with farmers who sell their products privately.

Area selection and soil preparation

In order to grow vegetables in sufficient quantities for sale, you need to buy or rent a land plot. In particular, in the municipality it is possible to lease a land plot for a period of 49 years. The minimum area should be from 10 hectares.

Soil preparation begins in the fall - at this time, weeds are removed from the field, the land is plowed and organic fertilizers are applied. It is important to strictly observe the amount of fertilizer, otherwise, instead of a large crop, the opposite result will be obtained. You should also prepare planting material:

• buy tubers for planting;
• select medium specimens;
• cut large tubers in half, and sprinkle the cut with ash;
• potatoes are laid out in an even layer, left for three weeks, while it is important to prevent sunlight from falling on it;
• after this time, the tubers are moved to the storage place - the optimal indicators for the preservation of potatoes are humidity up to 85% and a temperature of about 3 degrees Celsius;
• a month before planting, the material is taken out into the light (but not under direct rays) and left until “eyes” appear.

Important! The optimum soil temperature for planting root crops is 8 degrees.

To optimize the process of planting, caring for and harvesting vegetables, you will need to purchase equipment:

• tractor - from 900,000 rubles;
• potato planter - from 320,000;
• harvester - from 430,000;
• a machine for inter-row cultivation of land - from 300,000;
• sorting line - from 410,000.

You will also need to equip a room for storing equipment and a vegetable store - it must be dry, have good ventilation.

Recruitment

To ensure smooth operation, you will need to select the right staff. As a rule, for cultivating the land, caring for plantings and harvesting, you need:

• machine operators - 2 people;
• mechanic - 1;
• security guards - 3 people, work in shifts;
• handymen - 10 people for the period of harvesting.

The business owner can take on some functions, such as bookkeeping and sourcing.

To obtain a quality harvest, it is important to follow the technology of planting and caring for vegetables. Potatoes are planted in rows, the distance between which should be at least 70 cm, while between the plants there should be a free space of 15-18 cm.

From the moment the tubers are planted to the appearance of sprouts, it takes from two weeks to a month, during which time weeds appear, the presence of which reduces the yield by 30-40%. To harvest a large crop, you need to carry out land cultivation activities:

1. Agricultural machines and cultivators are used to form soil ridges, loosen the earth and remove weeds. The soil is cultivated 5-9 cm deep. This treatment is carried out when the first shoots appear.
2. The second stage of processing takes place a week after the first. The main task of these activities is to create a favorable water and air balance in the soil.

Important! Timely processing and well-formed ridges contribute to an increase in plant resistance to drought, heat and diseases - late blight, rhizoctoniosis and others.

When processing, it is important to strictly observe the proportions of preparations, the speed of the spraying unit should not exceed 15 km / h, and the weather should be almost calm - the maximum wind speed is 4 m / s.

Important! Watering plantings should be regular 3 in the absence of rain, it is carried out every 3-4 days.

A couple of weeks before harvesting, desiccation is carried out with Basta or Stomp preparations. This procedure will allow the assimilation of nutrients from the tops into the tubers, which will improve the quality of the crop. Then:

• the dried vegetative mass is mowed;
• loosen the soil - such activities will allow you to get a high quality crop and improve its characteristics.

Video. Potato growing technology

Sales market

You should think about the possibilities of implementing the product at the stage of developing a business plan. As a rule, farmers sell products:

• independently - selling in the markets, from hands;
• through intermediaries - they sell the product to wholesale buyers, conclude a supply agreement with retail chains.

Important! To increase the value of the product, it is washed, packaged, vacuum-packed in a cleaned form.

Packaged potatoes are 2 times more expensive than what is sold by weight. You can pack root vegetables yourself, for this:

• potatoes are sorted, spoiled tubers are removed;
• the product is washed - the tubers are placed in a container, filled with water for an hour, after which the water is drained, this procedure is repeated 3 times;
• after washing, the roots are laid out in 1 layer until completely dry;
• dry potatoes are packed in bags, while it is important to observe a certain weight - for example, 2 or 4 kilograms;
• a label is attached to the package indicating the manufacturer and the weight of the product;
• the package is closed and fastened with a stapler.

Since these options do not allow you to make a big profit, you should think about organizing your own production - for example, you can make chips from potatoes. You can also increase the amount of profit received by opening your own catering enterprise, where all kinds of dishes from root crops will be served.

Business plan for growing root crops

An entrepreneur starting a business should take into account the possible risks - dependence on weather conditions (in dry and rainy years, the yield decreases), problems with the sale of products and high competition. You should also consider how to cope with these difficulties, whether it is possible to cope with competitors, for example, by offering the consumer a better product or the same product, but at a lower price.

When drawing up a business plan, it is important to take into account annual investments separately from the initial costs. These include:

• payment of land rent - 220,000 rubles;
• wages and tax deductions - 730,000;
• equipment maintenance and repair costs - from 100,000;
• fuel and lubricants - 190,000;
• purchase of chemicals and fertilizers - 170,000;
• ensuring normal storage conditions for the crop - 150,000;
• other expenses - 60,000.

Accordingly, the total amount of expenses for the year will be 1,620,000 rubles. With a yield of 25-30 tons per ha, from an area of ​​10 ha, a crop of 250-300 tons will be obtained.

With an average market price of potatoes of 20 rubles per kilogram, the profit will be from 5 to 6 million. Accordingly, under favorable circumstances, the minimum profit will be more than 3 million rubles.

These calculations show that growing potatoes is a cost-effective and profitable business that will pay off the funds invested in it in the shortest possible time.

Growing potatoes is one of the most profitable business options. But, it will bring profit only in case of competent organization and management of the project. An entrepreneur should familiarize himself with growing technologies, legal aspects and the specifics of the business, and only after that decide whether this business model is suitable for him.

Video. Business idea for growing potatoes